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Citizenship > Theme D > Flashcards

Theme D Flashcards

Power & Influence

1
Q

Opportunities for citizen participation

A

-Politics (voting or campaigning),

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2
Q

Barriers to citizen participation

A

-Busy lives (work/family commitments),

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3
Q

What is direct action?

A

When people try to achieve political goals themselves.,

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4
Q

What is indirect action?

A

When people try to influence politicians to act for them.,

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5
Q

Examples of direct action

A

-Joining or starting a campaign or protest,

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6
Q

Examples of indirect action

A

-Join a political party,

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7
Q

What is an interest group?

A

An organisation which tries to influence the government to adopt certain policies on a particular issue.,

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8
Q

What is digital democracy?

A

The use of online technology to engage voters with election campaigns and make them more likely to vote.,

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9
Q

What is beneficial about digital democracy?

A

-Voting on a mobile phone is more accessible than going to a polling station.,

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10
Q

What is risky about digital voting?

A

-Very tight security is needed to prevent voter fraud or hacking of the process.,

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11
Q

Advantages of using social media to improve political participation

A

-Messages targeted to specific voters,

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12
Q

Disadvantages of using social media to improve political participation

A

-Politicians need to be careful about how they use social media,

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13
Q

Example of a democratic system outside the UK

A

Norway,

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14
Q

Features of Norway’s system

A

-Most adult citizens can vote (registration is automatic),

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15
Q

Example of a non-democratic system

A

North Korea,

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16
Q

Features of North Korea’s system

A

-No genuine elections (most ballots contain ne candidate),

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17
Q

Examples of public institutions

A

-Schools/universities,

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18
Q

Examples of public services

A

-Police force,

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19
Q

What is the purpose of public institutions and services?

A

To support citizens in their everyday lives,

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20
Q

What are charities and voluntary groups?

A

Non-profit organisations that work to support causes or groups in society.,

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21
Q

What are interest groups?

A

People that share a common interest and try to promote their cause. E.g. Amnesty International and Oxfam,

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22
Q

What are pressure groups?

A

Interest groups that put pressure on the government to adopt policies that help the issue they care about.,

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23
Q

What are trade unions?

A

Groups that act on behalf of workers like teachers and doctors to give them a voice and represent their interests to employers.,

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24
Q

Two examples of how citizens working together to attempt to change or improve their communities

A

-Open Britain (national campaign),

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25
Q

What was the Open Britain campaign?

A

-Campaigned against a no deal Brexit as it would damage the economy and harm relations w/ Europe,

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26
Q

What was the Hands Off HRI camapign?

A

-Campaigned to stop the closure of Huddersfield Royal Infirmary,

27
Q

Key workplace rights

A

-A contract of employment,

28
Q

Example of why free media is important

A

-Exposure of the MP expense scandal of 2009,

29
Q

Rights of the media

A

-Freedom of expression (Human Rights Act of 1998),

30
Q

What must the media respect?

A

People’s right to privacy,

31
Q

Why may censorship occur?

A

-To protect national security (keeping sensitive information from enemies),

32
Q

How does OFCOM protect children?

A

The TV watershed (no inappropriate content before 9 PM).,

33
Q

How can individuals use the media to influence public opinion?

A

They could write to a newspaper/magazine to get their message across.,

34
Q

How can groups use the media to influence public opinion?

A

They could hold protests or demonstrations to attract media attention so that their cause is broadcasted.,

35
Q

Benefits of the UKs EU membership

A

-Free trade,

36
Q

Obligations of the UKs EU membership

A

-Have to give preferential treatment to other EU members in trade,

37
Q

Impact of EU decisions

A

-Setting standards for consumer rights,

38
Q

Setting standards for consumer rights

A

-When shopping in the EU the rights are universal under the EU consumer law,

39
Q

How does the EU protect the environment

A

-The EU have over 100 laws to help the environment,

40
Q

What is the United Nations?

A

An international organisation founded after WW2 to avoid war and solve global issues through discussion.,

41
Q

How many countries are a member of the UN?

A

193,

42
Q

Benefits of UN membership

A

-UK is a permanent member so it can veto any decision is doesn’t agree with,

43
Q

Commitments of UN membership

A

-Have to pay a membership fee (UK is the 5th largest funder),

44
Q

What is NATO?

A

North Atlantic Treaty Organization was set up in 1949 to defend the Western world against the threat of Soviet aggression.,

45
Q

Benefits of NATO membership

A

-Success in conflict more likely (alliances and sharing expert knowledge),

46
Q

Commitments of NATO membership

A

-Must send troops to serve under NATO command if another member is under threat (an attack on one is an attack on all),

47
Q

What is the Commonwealth?

A

Made up of 53 countries once part of the British empire,

48
Q

Benefits of Commonwealth membership

A

-Strong relationships w/ other countries,

49
Q

What is the World Trade Organization?

A

An international organisation of 164 members that deals w/ trade between countries,

50
Q

Benefits of WTO membership

A

-Trade barriers for UK companies are reduced w/ other members,

51
Q

Commitments of WTO membership

A

-Commitment to avoid barriers to trade and follow WTO rules,

52
Q

Which has higher moral authority: human rights of laws passed by government?

A

Human rights meaning they come ahead of the rights of a country to conduct its own affairs.,

53
Q

What is humanitarian intervention?

A

Where one country or a group of countries acts to tackle abuses of human rights in another country.,

54
Q

Example of humanitarian intervention

A

Between 1998 and 2008 the UK and NATO intervened in Kosovo to protect the rights of civilians in the civil war.,

55
Q

What are the Geneva Conventions?

A

International treaties on treatment of others during war agreed on by most countries,

56
Q

When does the ICC act?

A

When national courts are unable to deal with a case,

57
Q

What is the International Court of Justice?

A

The ICJ is a UN organisation based in the Netherlands that aims to settle legal disputes between member states over things like land and resources.,

58
Q

Why is the achievement of NGOs limited?

A

-They rely on public support for funding,

59
Q

Methods to resolve conflict

A

-Mediation,

60
Q

What is mediation?

A

A neutral third party acts as a mediator and works with both sides in the dispute to facilitate a resolution,

61
Q

What are sanctions?

A

Penalties for breaking laws in international conflicts that put pressure on sides of a dispute.,

62
Q

What is the use of force?

A

A last resort when military action is taken against sides in a dispute.,

63
Q

What are no fly zones?

A

A territory or area established by a military power over which certain aircraft are not permitted to fly,

Citizenship (4 decks)

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