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RS GCSE > Themes > Flashcards

Themes Flashcards

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1
Q

purpose of family?

A

educate children in faith
provide supportive environment for child
procreation - its a mitzvah

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2
Q

arguments in favour of there being an afterlife

A

religious scriptures talk about an afterlife - and they are God’s word, so must be true

there must be some sort of system for reward and punishment, otherwise the word is very unfair

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3
Q

arguments against an afterlife

A

religions have many different, and sometimes clashing, views. this proves that afterlife is something made up to provide comfort, rather than actually true

no scientific evidence for it - evidence suggests that human consciousness is linked directly to the brain, and after death, brain activity ceases

humanists and atheists have a materialist view of human beings, which sees us as entirely made up of physical matter with no soul

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4
Q

why no homosexuality?
why yes homosexuality?

A

can’t have children
adam and eve are the ideal couple
“it is an abhorrence”
gay marriage is banned in Catholic Church and ChurchofEng

don’t discriminate
legal since 2013
reform and liberal branches of Judaism allow it

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5
Q

why no contraception?
why yes contraception?

A

don’t wate or damage sperm
interferes with the mitzvah of procreation
for christians, morning after pill is abortion - life begins at conception

protection against STIs
family planning
having children may be bad for mother’s health

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6
Q

why no premarital sex?
why yes premarital sex?

A

Jewish laws says you can’t have kids until you are married
irresponsible - chance of STIs or unplanned pregnancy
undermines sanctity of marriage

as long as it is consensual
healthy way of expressing love
acceptable in modern society

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7
Q

why is marriage good?

A

procreation only within marriage
holy act, brings closer to god (kiddushin comes from kiddush)
provide a stable environment for children
‘it is not good for man to be alone’

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8
Q

why no divorce?
why yes divorce?

A

negative effect on children
holy covenant with god - divorce is a last resort, all attempts at reconcilliation first

important that both people in marriage are happy
gives oppurtunity for remarriage
protect child from abuse/unhappiness/etc

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9
Q

in what way is judaism gender unequal?
how is it equal?

A

orthodox women can’t be rabbis
sit separately in shul
women exempt from time bound mitzvot, due to traditional responsibility of looking after children
reference to woman as a ‘helper’ in the torah, undermines her role in society

all in gods image
liberal and reform allow women to be rabbis
discrimination is not allowed - love thy neighbour etc

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10
Q

a bunch of laws about human rights

A

The Human Rights Act 1998 - UK
The Equality Act 2010
UDHR 1948

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11
Q

list a bunch of laws about gender equality

A

Equal Pay Act 1963
UDHR 1948
Equality Act 2010

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12
Q

why no adultery?

A

ten commandments
seven noachide laws
undermines sanctity of marriage
grounds for divorce

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13
Q

why no remarriage?
why yes remarriage?

A

if you are a kohen you cant marry a divorced woman

oppurtunity to procreate
not good for man to be alone

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14
Q

which questions do you answer on paper 2

A

1, 2, 5, 6
ony 4 questions

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15
Q

how do jews show stewardship

A

care for the world - do not litter/pollute
renewable resources
Shemitah year - land doesn’t get farmed on every 7 years
Tu Bshvat festival of trees reminds us of the value of environment

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16
Q

how and why do jews protect environment

A

renewable energy
dont pollute/litter
responsibility given to adam and eve
bal tashchit - do not destroy

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17
Q

how do jews treat animals?

A

minimal cruelty - shechita limits the animal’s suffering
respect all living things
story of noahs ark shows value of animals
jews should feed animals before themselves
you cant make animals work on shabbat
dont kill mother and child on same day

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18
Q

why yes animal experimentation?
why no?

A

if it saves a human life, it is allowed
we have dominion, so we can use them, albeit responsibly

often there are alternatives, eg competer models and cell culturing
unnecessary cruelty
animals and humans may react differently, making it pointless

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19
Q

jewish beliefs about abortion

A

mental and physical health of mother is always prioritised
consult a rabbi for each individual circumstance

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20
Q

why yes abortion
why no?

and christian beliefs?

A

pikuach nefesh - mothers life takes priority
foetus is not ‘alive’ until given birth to

destruction of potential life
life is sacred, gift from god

christians believe life begins at conception, so morning after pill is abortion, very against it

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21
Q

why yes euthanasia?
why no?

A

Reducing Suffering (Rachamim – Mercy) - ending suffering can be a compassionate act, especially if someone is terminally ill and in great pain.
Dignity - liberal Jews argue that people should have the right to die with dignity and make choices about their own life, especially if quality of life is gone.

Pikuach Nefesh – Life is Sacred - given by God and only He can take it away
Euthanasia = Murder - forbidden in the Ten Commandments.

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22
Q

jewish beliefs about euthanasia?

A

Life is sacred and must be protected - pikuach nefesh

Many Jewish authorities allow passive euthanasia (like stopping treatment) if the treatment prolongs suffering

God is the giver and taker of life

Human beings are stewards of life, not owners. We shouldn’t decide when life ends.

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23
Q

british laws about abortion

Study These Flashcards
A

The Abortion Act 1967
Up to 24 weeks of pregnancy, 2 doctors must agree that the conditions are met

24
Q

british laws about euthanasia

Study These Flashcards
A

active is illegal
People found guilty of assisting suicide can face up to 14 years in prison.
If someone is unable to make their own decisions (e.g., in a coma), doctors must act in their best interests

25
which laws do jews follow
10 commandments jewish law and the law of the country they are in, as long as they dont contradict torah
26
the death penalty - jewish attitudes
The Torah allows the death penalty for 36 offenses - murder, adultery, idolatry can act as a deterrent and deliver justice for the most serious crimes fear of executing the innocent pikuach nefesh - all life is holy very strict restrictions in the talmud illegal in Israel apart from nazis
27
the death penalty around the world
illegal in 70% of countries still exists in USA illegal in UK
28
corporal punishment
The Torah permitted corporal punishment as a form of justice and deterrence. Even when allowed, it was limited to 40 lashes to avoid over-punishment. modern Jews reject corporal punishment as too violent and not in line with mercy and human dignity. Judaism today emphasizes Teshuvah (repentance) and rehabilitation over physical punishment image of God CAUSES PAIN - VIOLATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS
29
3 aims of punishment
Retribution The idea that the offender should be punished in a way that is proportionate to the crime. Deterrence Punishment should discourage both the offender and others from committing crimes. Harsh penalties can act as a warning. Reformation (Rehabilitation) Aims to help the criminal understand their actions, make amends, and not reoffend.
30
is community service too nice? ## Footnote and what is the fancy word for it
judaism supports it for less severe crimes - repentence helps community repairing the harm done respects dignity - image of god for more serious crimes it is too lenient, not an effective detterent ## Footnote restituion
31
why is there suffering in the world?
FREE WILL humans can choose between good and evil. suffering is the result of human choices without free will, people couldn’t truly be moral or responsible for their actions suffering can be a test or challenge from God god always brings justice - maybe in the afterlife
32
should you forgive?
forgiveness is a mitzvah God is merciful - expects people to forgive others Teshuvah means repentance, and it's a key part of Judaism Forgiveness is not automatic —it is only given if the offender has repented forgiving an offender could lead to the neglect of justice or allow the offender to escape accountability - require punishment
33
reasons for crime
poverty greed addiction mental illness opposition to a law revenge
34
types of crime
hate crime adultery murder theft
35
christians on corporal punishmet
can be used to discipline children modern Christians reject corporal punishment, arguing that violence is never justified, and that God’s teachings are about mercy, forgiveness, and love
36
christians on death penatly
old testament permits it for 36 offences similar to jewish arguments - life is holy legal system makes mistakes, innocents may be wrongly accused forgiveness and redemption
37
christians on forgiveness
should always forgive jesus forgave those who persecuted him
38
women are equal women are not
equal in the eyes of God Reform Judaism, women can be rabbis discrimination is forbidden different traditional roles - Talmud suggests that a women's role is in the home, motherhood, domestic responsibilities can't be rabbi, read torah exempt from time bound mitzvot, reflecting expectation of motherhood etc
39
uses of wealth
gift from God - God blesses people with wealth to help them fulfill their duties on Earth, so wealth must be used for good purposes greed is bad - be content with what god has given you Wealth should be used to help those in need - 10% of income to charity (tithe)
40
prejudice and discrimination
image of god - everyone has the same inherent value tikkun olam means jews fight for social justice
41
human rights
image of god importance of justice, and stand up for fairness slavery in Egypt reinforces the idea that oppression is unacceptable
42
is it the responsibility of those in poverty to overcome it?
NO tzedakah is a mitzvah - compulsory Rambam 8 levels of charity - highest is to help someone become self reliant - people need help poverty isnt the fault of the individual - war, natural disaster
43
charity
Wealth should be used to help those in need, support the community, and promote social justice. Jews are encouraged to give a portion of their income to charity, with the traditional amount being 10% (a tithe), but the key principle is that giving should be sincere and done out of compassion rather than obligation. farmers leave corners of their field for the poor
44
why and how do Jews try create social justice
image of god tikkun olam justice - noachide laws chesed - kindness tzedakah is compulsory, 10% tithe
45
Jewish attitudes towards freedom of religious expression
free will - can choose any religion oppression is bad - Passover story - religious tolerance lots of jewish practices are a public expression of faith - supports the right for others to do the same judaism is non missionary 7 noachide laws include idolatry - jews are uncomfortable with polytheistic religions
46
Jewish attitudes towards exploitation of the poor
justice - 7 noachide laws kindness - moral principle jews cant charge interest on other jews - interest rates must be fair and not exploit the vunerable
47
treatment of workers
jewish business focus on honesty - false weights are forbidden, workers paid on time
48
how do jews give to charity?
10% (tithe) charity collection box in orthodox houses - pushke corners of the fields aren't reaped, left for the poor
49
how do Jews help give everyone their rights?
Right to life - Pikuach Nefesh Right to dignity and respect - image of god Right to freedom - stand against oppression Right to food, shelter, health - tzedakah Right to religion - Judiasm is non missionary, dont try to convert people
50
what is the national minumum wage
£12.21 per hour for those 21 and older
51
human rights laws
UDHR - 1948 HRA - UK in 2000
52
correlation between charity and justice?
tzedakah comes from tzedek (justice) shows that charity needs to happen for there to be social justice moral obligation
53
purpose of prison
loss of liberty not inhumane treatment keep civilians safe oppurtunity to reflect
54
prayer about forgiveness on YomK
The Vidui is the prayer of confession during Yom Kippur It’s a comprehensive listing of sins, offering individuals a chance to acknowledge and seek forgiveness for their wrongdoings. contains 44 confessions, recited 10x throughout the day
55
reasons for an abortion
medical issues with mother or child rape abusive relationship financial difficulties low quality of life if the child is born

RS GCSE (10 decks)

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