Theoretical Approaches in Explaining the Etiology of Psychological Disorders

Question 1

One dimensional

Answer 1

looking for a single cause

Question 2

Multidimensional

Answer 2

looking for a systematic cause

Question 3

Genes

Answer 3

long molecules of DNA at various locations
on chromosomes, within cell nucleus

Question 4

Chromosomes

Answer 4

chain like structures that contains genes

Question 5

How many chromosomes are there in each individual?

Answer 5

46 chromosomes (23, 22 Pairs of autosomes, 1 pair Sex Chromosomes)

Question 6

Phenotypes

Answer 6

observable characteristics
e.g. height, eyes color

Question 7

Genotypes

Answer 7

unique genetic make up
e.g. gene combination = risk for schizophrenia

Question 8

Polymorphins

Answer 8

naturally occuring variations of genes

Question 9

Polygenic

Answer 9

multiple genes
e.g. trait caused by many genes

Question 10

Endophenotypes

Answer 10

trait between gene and full disorder
e.g. gene -> endophenotype -> disorder

Question 11

Basic genetic epidemiology

Answer 11

studies if disorder runs in the families
and how much is attribtable to genetics

Question 12

Advanced Genetic Epidemiology

Answer 12

studies the factors that inlfuence the disorder
e.g. genes = increase risk, trauma = activate it

Question 13

Gene finding

Answer 13

what gene influences the behavior
e.g. what gene increases risk for bipolar disorder

Question 14

Molecular genetics

Answer 14

bilogical analysis of indiv. DNA samples
how specific genes affect traits or mental disorder

Question 15

Family studies

Answer 15

examine behavioral pattern or
emotional trait in the context of the family

Question 16

Proband

Answer 16

family member with the trait singled out
for study
(1st person in a fam with disorder)

Question 17

Adoption studies

Answer 17

genetic bs. environmental influence

Question 18

Twin studies

Answer 18

usually condicted to identical twins because they share genetic makeup

Question 19

Epigenetics

Answer 19

factors other than inherited DNA
sequence, such as new learning or stress, that alter the phenotypic expression of genes
(how envi factors can turn genes on/off