Theoretical Basis of Personality and Behavior Flashcards
1
Q
He is an austrian neurologist
A
Sigmund Freud
2
Q
The father of Psychoanalysis
A
Sigmund Freud
3
Q
Means taking cure
A
Psychoanalysis
4
Q
Is an inability to adapt and a tendency to experience excessive negative or obsessive thoughts and behaviors
A
Neurosis
5
Q
Is most likely stress- or anxiety- related and is related to unresolved or repressed conflicts in earlier years of life
A
Neurosis
6
Q
He believed that neurosis can be cured by making their unconscious conscious
A
Freud
7
Q
Memories within awareness
A
Conscious Level
8
Q
Controlled by the Ego
A
Conscious Level
9
Q
Memories not presently within awareness but can be easily recalled
A
Preconscious Level
10
Q
“Pleasure Principle”
A
Id
11
Q
Present at birth
A
Id
12
Q
Locus of instinctual drives
A
Id
13
Q
Seeks instant gratification and has no regard for rules or social conventions
A
Id
14
Q
Contains Eros and Thanatos
A
Id
15
Q
means life instinct
A
Eros
16
Q
Means death instinct
A
Thanatos
17
Q
Begins to develop between 4 and 6 months
A
Ego
18
Q
Experiences the reality of the external world, adapts and responds to it
A
Ego
19
Q
Develops between 3 and 6 years old
A
Superego
20
Q
Internalizes the values and morals set forth by primary caregivers
A
Superego
21
Q
Reality Principle
A
Ego
22
Q
Perfection Principle
A
Superego
23
Q
Methods of attempting to protect the self and cope with basic drives or emotionally painful thoughts, feelings or events
A
Ego defense mechanisms
24
Q
May be consciously or unconsciously carried out
A
Ego defense mechanisms
25
Unconscious refusal to admit an unacceptable idea or behavior
Denial
26
Unconscious and involuntary forgetting of painful ideas, events, and conflicts
Repression
27
Conscious exclusion from awareness anxiety- producing feelings, ideas, and situations
Suppression
28
Conscious or unconscious attempts to make or prove that one’s feelings or behaviors are justifiable
Rationalization
29
Consciously or unconsciously using only logical explanations without feelings or an affective component
Intellectualization
30
The unconscious separation of painful feelings and emotions from an unacceptable idea, situation, or object
Dissociation
31
Conscious or unconscious attempt to model oneself after a respected person
Identification
32
Unconsciously incorporating values and attitudes of others as if they were your own
Introjection
33
consciously covering up for a weakness by overemphasizing or making up a desirable trait
Compensation
34
Consciously or unconsciously channeling instinctual drives into acceptable activities
Sublimation
35
A conscious behavior that is the exact opposite of an unconscious feeling
Reaction Formation
36
Consciously doing something to counteract or make up for a transgression or wrongdoing
Undoing
37
Unconsciously discharging pent up feelings to a less threatening object
Displacement
38
Unconsciously (or consciously) blaming someone else for one’s difficulties or placing one’s unethical desires on someone else
Projection
39
The unconscious expression of intrapsychic conflict symbolically through physical symptoms
Conversion
40
Unconscious return to an earlier and more comfortable developmental level
Regression
41
A child's attraction to the opposite sex parent and an associated sense of rivalry with same sex parent
Oedipus Complex
42
a fear of literal and figurative emasculation
castration anxiety
43
feeling of girl’s resentment to mother for “castrating” her
penis envy
44
what are the stages of psychosexual development
Oral
Anal
Phallic
Latency
Genital
45
It's pleasure site is mouth
Oral
46
Stages of psychosexual development where the major task/conflict is weaning
Oral
47
Stages of Psychosexual Development wherein the major task/conflict is Toilet training
Anal
48
Pleasure site is Anus and surrounding areas
Anal
49
Pleasure site is genitalia (Penis/Clitoris)
Phallic
50
Stages of Psychosocial Development wherein the major task/conflict is to identify with opposite-sex parent
Phallic
51
It's major task/conflict is socialization
Latency
52
It's major task/conflict is sexual maturity and satisfactory relationships with the opposite sex
Genital
53
Age of oral stage
Birth to 18 months
54
Anal stage age
18 months to 3 years
55
Phallic stage age
3-6 years
56
Latency Age
6-12 years
57
Genital Age
12 years and up
58
Dependency or aggression; Problems with drinking, smoking, eating, nail biting
Oral
59
messy, wasteful, destructive
Anal-expulsive
60
orderly, rigid; obsessive
Anal-retentive
61
Sexual deviances or confused sexual identity
Phallic
62
Difficulty identifying with others and in developing social skills, leading to a sense of inadequacy and inferiority
Latency
63
-Derailed emotional and financial independence
- Impaired personal identity and future goals
- Disrupted ability to form satisfying intimate relationships
Genital
64
Germal-American psychologist and psychoanalyst
Erik Erikson (1902- 1994)
65
What is the virtue when viewing the world as safe and reliable; relationships as nurturing, stable, and dependable
Hope
66
What is the value when achieving a sense of control and free will
Will
67
What is the value when beginning development of a conscience, learning to manage conflict and anxiety
Purpose
68
What is the virtue about emerging confidence in own abilities; taking pleasure in accomplishments
Competence
69
Virtue that formulates a sense of belonging
Fidelity
70
Virtue about forming adult, loving relationships and meaningful attachments to others
Love
71
What is the virtue of being creative and productive, establishing the next generation
Care
72
What is the virtue of accepting responsibility for one's self and life
Wisdom
73
Trust vs. mistrust
Infant
74
Autonomy vs. shame and doubt
(Toddler)
75
Initiative vs. guilt
(preschool)
76
Industry vs. inferiority
school age
77
Identity vs. role confusion
adolescence
78
intimacy vs. isolation
young adult
79
Generavity vs. stagnation
middle adult
80
ego integrity vs. despair
(maturity)
81
Swiss psychologist who focused on the intellectual development of children
Jean Piaget (1896-1980)
82
Who developed the theory of cognitive development?
Jean piget
83
The ability to adapt to the environment through an equilibration process
Intelligence
84
involves the child’s increasing his or her adaptation to the environment in a dynamic equilibrium between using his/her existing ideas about the world and changing those ideas in response to his/ her experiences
Cognitive Development
85
-Concept or category about the world
-Mental representation of a set of ideas or actions which go together
Schema
86
-The tendency to interpret new experiences in terms of existing schemas
-Taking in information into previously existing schemas
Assimilation
87
This results from the inability to use existing schema to understand new information to make sense of objects and concepts
Disequilibration
88
Changes in schemas to incorporate information from experiences
Accommodation
89
Describes the cognitive balancing process of new information with old knowledge
Equilibration
90
Birth to 2 years old
Sensorimotor
91
2 to 7 years old
Preoperational
92
7 to 11 years old
Concrete Operational
93
>11 years old
Formal Operational
94
What are the stages of Cognitive Development
1. Sensorimotor Stage
2. Preoperational Stage
3. Concrete Operational Stage
4. Formal Operational Stage
95
The child understands the word in terms of actions, not words
Sensorimotor
96
The child is unable to use operations to solve problems and does not understand concepts such as reversibility
Preoperational
97
During this period the child can only see problems from one perspective, a phenomenon referred to as
Egocentrism
98
Able to solve logical problems but only in the present
Concrete Operational
99
Arranging items along a quantitative dimension, such as length or weight, in a methodical way
Seriation
100
Ability to arrange objects into a variety of classes and subclasses
Classification
101
Ability to appreciate that a change in shape does not necessarily mean a change in size
Conservation
102
The child learns that some things that have been changed can be returned to their original state
Reversibility
103
Concrete operational children no longer focus on only one dimension of any object and instead consider the changes in other dimensions too
Decentration
104
Understanding that objects have qualities that do not change even if the object is altered in some way
Identity
105
Being able to understand how objects are related to one another; using previous knowledge to determine the missing piece, using basic logic
Transitivity
