Theoretical frameworks Flashcards
Describe Park’s model
Compares the response curve of hazard events and compares areas at different stages of development
Name the four stages of Park’s model
Pre-disaster, relief, rehabilitation and reconstruction
Describe pre-disaster of Park’s model
QoL is is at a norm before the disaster, people do their best to prepare and prevent such events
Describe relief of Park’s model
Hazard occurred, immediately relief is a priority with medical attention, rescue services and emergency care which can last from hours to days until QoL has stopped decreasing
Describe rehabilitation stage of Park’s model
Government and non-state players try to return the state to norm by providing basic needs
Describe the reconstruction stage of Park’s model
Investment is put into infrastructure, crops and poverty to improve their reactions for the next disaster
What is the role of scientists?
Prediction and forecasting, accuracy depends on the type and location of the tectonic hazard
What is the risk disk?
All factors combine to reduce disaster effects
Name the six risk disk factors
- Disaster preparation
- Disaster response
- Disaster recovery
- Disaster mitigation
- Development
- Adaptation to climate change
Forecasts based on (1) from global (2) and historical records
Long term forecasts are more reliable than short term ones and encourages governments to (3)
1 - data and evidence
2 - seismic monitoring
3 - enforce building regulations and evacuation procedures
It is not currently possible to accurately predict (1) as you would need a (2) which is a (3) of seismic activity. Geologists base predictions on underground movement of (4) models predict where (5) occur by stimulating different rocky (6)
1 - earthquakes 2 - diagnostic precursor 3 - characteristic pattern 4 - magma 5 - stress points 6 - mantle focus
What is the hazard management cycle?
A process in which governments and organisations work together to protect people from natural hazards to avoid or reduce loss of life and property to ensure rapid recovery
Who are the key players of the hazard management cycle?
- All levels of government
- International organisations
- Businesses
- Communities
Name the four stages of the hazard management cycle
- Preparation
- Response
- Recovery
- Mitigation
Give some examples of preparation
- creating evacuation routes
- raising public awareness
- developing an early warning system
- stockpiling aid supplies
- minimising loss of life and property
Give some examples of response
- search and rescue
- evacuating people when required
- restoring critical infrastructure
Give some examples of recovery
- rebuilding homes and other structures
- reopening schools and businesses
- repairing and rebuilding infrastructure
- re-establishing transport routes
Give some examples of mitigation
- Identifying potential hazard and taking steps to reduce the impact
- Preventing hazard events and minimising their impacts
- Developing and enforcing building codes
- Zoning and land use planning
- Building protective structures
When does mitigation take place?
Before and after hazard events
When does response take place?
During hazard events
Describe the Swiss cheese model
Hazards can be reduced by reducing the number of holes in each layer (number of weaknesses) or reducing the size of the hole in each layer (scale of weakness) to do this:
- modify hazard event
- modify vulnerabilty and resilience
- modify loss
What players are in adaptation, mitigation, response and recovery?
Planners - adaptation and mitigation
Engineers - mitigation
NGOs - response and recovery
Insurers - recovery
What is the role of NGOs?
- Particularly where local govs fail to respond
- Provide funds, coordinate searches and develop reconstruction plans
- All stages of hazard management often remain in affected areas for years
What is the role of insurers?
- Increasing cost of disasters
- 2011 global losses cost $54 billion
- help communities rebuild and repair
- not an economic priority is some countries
- Japanese gov and insurance policies work together
