Theoretical Models Flashcards
(21 cards)
Define: Biopsychosocial Model
Accounts for biological, psychological and social factors to understand a person’s medical condition
Define: Charity Model
Regards people with disabilities as unfortunate and in need of outside help
Define: Economic Model
Defines disability by a person’s inability to participate in work
Assesses the degree to which a person’s impairment affects their productivity, and the economic consequences such as loss of income, profit margins, and state welfare payments
Define: Functional Solutions Model
Practical perspective that identifies the limitations (or “functional impairments”) due to disability, with the intent to create or promote solutions to overcome those limitations
Define: Medical Model
Views disabilities as an illness
Uses medical solutions to “treat” disabilities
Define: Social Identity or Cultural Affiliation Model
Refers to a sense of deriving one’s personal identity from membership within a group of like-minded individuals
Define: Social Model
Views disabilities as a socially-created problem
Uses universal design to improve access for everyone
Strength: Charity Model
Can inspire people to contribute time and/or resources to provide help when it is genuinely needed
Strength: Economic Model
Recognizes the effect of bodily limitations on a person’s ability to work, and that they may require economic support and/or accommodations
Strengths: Biopsychosocial Model
Accounts for biological, pshycological, and social factors
Can be used in situations related to rehabilitation
Strengths: Functional Solutions Model
This model is results-oriented
Seeks to solve real-world challenges
Attends to the needs of people in their own circumstances and is based on providing services
Strengths: Medical Model
Can address the biological source of disabilities, either by curing them or by providing ways to medically manage the conditions
Strengths: Social Identity or Cultural Affiliation Model
Accepts a person’s disability completely and uses it as a point of pride in associating with other people in a similar condition
Strengths: Social Model
Doesn’t place onus on the individual; doesn’t label them as “broken”
Focuses on ensuring that the world is designed to accommodate a wide range of abilities
Weakness: Biopsychosocial Model
Fear that combination of health aspects with the social model could lead to a definition of disability as only being the result of societal factors, thus downplaying the medical needs of people with disabilities
Weakness: Charity Model
Can be condescending toward people with disabilities
Often focuses on short-term, immediate needs at the expense of more comprehensive and ultimately more effective long-term solutions
Weakness: Economic Model
Creates a legally-defined class of people who are “needy”, which can be stigmatizing
Weakness: Functional Solutions Model
Profit-driven technology entrepreneurs can sometimes miss the mark, creating products that may be innovative but are neither practical nor useful
Weakness: Medical Model
Treats disabilities as a problem or inherent characteristic of the individual
Seeks to cure or medically manage a bodily condition, often overlooking the broader socio-political constraints imposed by unwelcoming or inaccessible environments
Weakness: Social Identity or Cultural Affiliation Model
Can be counterbalanced by feelings of exclusion for people who don’t fit the group’s expectations
Weakness: Social Model
Can downplay the embodied aspects of disabilities
The push for social justice can cause friction between activists and politics
