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FORMED NA MAY VAWC > theories > Flashcards

theories Flashcards

1
Q

CATEGORIES

A

a) psychopathological,
b) social-psychological,
c) social,
d) social learning,
e) sociological,
f) interactionist, and
g) feminist.

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2
Q

Psychopathological Theories

A

Psychopathological characteristics of abusers and victims

Masochist traits of women

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3
Q

forms of pathological conditions

A

pathological dependency
brain lesions
sadistic character

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4
Q

focused mainly on the psychological and psychiatric characteristics of perpetrators and consequently, of the victims. The presence of pathologic and psychiatric disorders may be the cause of the abuser’s violent and
aggressive behavior

A

Psychopathological characteristics of abusers and victims

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5
Q

n explain why a woman endures
staying in an abusive relationship instead of actively looking for ways of coping or escaping the
violenc

A

self-defeating personality disorder

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6
Q

claims that the woman has masochist traits that cause her to be
abused by her partner

A

Masochist traits of women

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7
Q

battered woman remains in the abusive relationship because she has to
satisfy a need to be hurt or controlled

A

Masochist traits of women

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8
Q

influences from
Freud (1949-50) as he described “women as innately masochistic and defines masochism as
inherently female

A

masochism theory

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9
Q

emotional bond that develops between the batterer and the battered woman

A

b. Social-Psychological Theories

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10
Q

strong emotional ties that develop between two people where one person intermittently harasses, beats, threatens, abuses intimidates the other

A

“traumatic bonding theory

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11
Q

The bond develops in the victim an intense need for support and affection even though she has been subjected
to abuse.

A

TRUE

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12
Q

traumatic bond is similar to the ______ which hostage victims experience after being held captive for a long time by the hostage takers. She becomes vulnerable to her abuser’s pleas of forgiveness, which explains why she is hesitant to leave
the relationship and if she leaves, she would return eventually.

A

Stockholm Syndrome

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13
Q

c. Social Theories

A

Frustration-Aggression Theory
Resource Theory
Exchange Theory

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14
Q

According to this theory, aggressive behaviour occurs when the person is frustrated from achieving
his goal

A

Frustration-Aggression Theory

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15
Q

may be compounded by the presence of situational factors such as unemployment, job dissatisfaction, financial difficulties and status inequality

A

Frustration-Aggression Theory

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16
Q

when women’s economic resources exceeded their partner’s, the likelihood of
being abused is high

A

Frustration-Aggression Theory

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17
Q

directed to the source of frustration or may be displaced by an innocent individual
or object. Hence, women in battering situations may be the source of frustration or the receiver of the
displaced frustration.

A

Frustration-Aggression Theory

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18
Q

violence is generally used as resource most especially if other resources are inadequate. If the husband has greater resources than the wife, there is a very big chance for him to use violence or force

A

Resource Theory

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19
Q

husband who is lacking in resources (i.e. poor education and
low-paying job) is more likely to use force to maintain the dominant position in the family. On the other
hand, a wife who has enough resources (i.e. financial, etc) may decide to leave the relationship

A

Resource Theory

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20
Q

framework focuses on the interaction between the couple which is guided by
gaining rewards and evasion of punishments

A

Exchange Theory

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21
Q

explains why a woman remains with an abusive

partner and not why he espoused violence

A

Exchange Theory

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22
Q

women who have invested so much (but have gained little or even nothing) in the relationship find it
hard to leave their partners because of the belief that they will eventually receive something as a
reward. Consequently, inflicting violence (or “costs”) on women is rewarding for male partners.

A

Exchange Theory

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23
Q

Social Learning Theories

A

Bandura’s Social Learning Theory
Intergenerational Transmission Theory
Learned Helplessness Model

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24
Q

individuals learn social
behaviors by observing and imitating other people. Imitation of models is the most important element
in how children learn

A

Bandura’s Social Learning Theory

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25
Q

Hence, this theory views violent behavior as a learned social behavior, which may be acquired through operant conditioning and observing behavior in role models

A

Bandura’s Social Learning Theory

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26
Q

learning violence is through exposure to violence and imitation

A

Bandura’s Social Learning Theory

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27
Q

heory similarly postulates that individuals who have
observed and/or experienced violence during their childhood are likely to use violence in their own
homes

A

Intergenerational Transmission Theory

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28
Q

attempts to explain the presence of intergenerational

transmission of violence; that is, abusive behavior is passed on from one generation to another

A

Intergenerational Transmission Theory

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29
Q

Children who grow up in violent homes may learn abusive behaviors, imitate those behaviors, and
then repeat those behaviors in future relationships.

A

Intergenerational Transmission Theory

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30
Q

men who grew up in violent/abusive families

are not likely to become violent partners or even abusive fathers.

A

FALSE - ARE LIKELY

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31
Q

In addition, men who observed their fathers abusing their mothers when they were children are at an descresaed risk for abusing their wives

A

FALSE - INCREASED

32
Q

young adults who
observed and experienced abuse when they were children are more likely to be in an abusive intimate
relationship as either abuser or victim

A

TRUE

33
Q

pointed out that because of the cyclical nature of the abuse, the battered woman may learn that
there is nothing she can do to change her husband and her situation.

A

Learned Helplessness Model

34
Q

This theory of violence is
controversial because many women in a violent relationship do maintain a sense of dignity, learn skills
to survive, and may even fight bacK

A

Learned Helplessness Model

35
Q

she becomes helpless, submissive and passive as she accepts that she has no control over her life

A

true

36
Q

e. Sociological Theories

A
  1. Structural-Functionalist Perspective
  2. Socialization and Sex-Role Theory
  3. Family Organization Theory
  4. Sub-Cultural Theory
  5. Culture of Violence Theory
  6. Class Analysis.
  7. Social Deviance
37
Q

Social structures, such as the family, culture, educational institutions, mass media, and the like – are looked into to fully
understand the prevalence

A

Sociological Theories

38
Q

The use of force, usually by the husbands and fathers as a

means of dealing with family issues or problems is considered a legitimate tool in maintaining order

A

Structural-Functionalist Perspective

39
Q

Thus, force is not seen as a method of punishment in instituting discipline
among family members

A

FALSE- SEEN

40
Q

provide a simple explanation for the pervasiveness of domestic violence. In the traditional socialization process, men are taught to be in control at all times, to be the breadwinners, and to be aggressors while women on the other hand are taught to be passive, to take care of the family and other domestic tasks, to be submissive and to yield to male authority.

A

Socialization and Sex-Role Theory

41
Q

further argued that sex-role socialization of women since childhood makes it easier for them to be battered.

A

TRUE

42
Q

sexual scripts for men and women are indicators of later sexual abuse of women

A

TRUE

43
Q

traditional roles do not place men as perpetrators of violence and women as victims.

A

FALSE - DO

44
Q

the family environment has a great potential for violence because conflicts can erupt anytime and can originate from every family member

A

Family Organization Theory

45
Q

the likelihood of violence can be attributed to the organization of the traditional family that reinforces unequal power relations between husband-wife, parent-child, etc. and the nature of the family as an isolated entity from the public sphere.

A

Family Organization Theory

46
Q

violence against female partners is allowed in certain social classes and ethnic groups because of the cultural norms that a particular group practices. Violence has been a great part of the culture and inflicting it is just adhering to what has been taught or learne

A

Sub-Cultural Theory

47
Q

prevalence of abuse
across gender, class, creed, age group and religious affiliation can be traced to the overwhelming
approval of using violence in society

A

Culture of Violence Theory

48
Q

The use of violence as a means of enforcing
compliance with one’s wishes as well as resolving conflicts at the personal, national and international
levels is widely accepted in society

A

Culture of Violence Theory

49
Q

Such condition legitimizes the use of violence in the home to deal with family conflicts complemented this by describing the marriage license as a “hitting license”

A

Culture of Violence Theory

50
Q

The Marxist analysis of class–consciousness, on the other hand, has been applied by some sociologists to explain the prevailing phenomenon of violence against women. They attribute male aggression of the working class to the lack of class power

A

Class Analysis

51
Q

Violence erupts as a manifestation of the plight of the working class and masses. Therefore, violence and aggression is rooted in class inequality and not in the male gender.

A

Class Analysis

52
Q

Perspectives on deviance state that “abusive individuals are deviants since they
are unable to conform to the popular notions of normalcy”

A

Social Deviance.

53
Q

Cause of
violent behaviors may be “unfulfilled childhood, lack of affection and care in childhood or previous
relationships

A

Social Deviance.

54
Q

f. Interactionist Models

A

Nested Ecological Framework

Ecological Approach

55
Q

The violent man, his particular history, in direct interactions with others in varied settings that form a multitude of microsystems. This collection of microsystems forms the man’s mesosystem. Others in the man’s microsystem engage in relationships within other settings where the man is not directly involved, forming ecosystems in this man’s ecology. Still more indirect are the cultural, ethnic group, and class rules that form his microsystem. And, finally, there is the chronosystem, which reflects the depth of time and its effect on all the contemporary systems at play (

A

Ecological Approach

56
Q

models that
include psychological, sociological and socio-political factors that trigger violent behavior to explain
domestic violence in a comprehensive manner

A

. Interactionist Models

57
Q

Factors such that should be taken into consideration.

A

individual behavior, feelings and beliefs, social and cultural environment, and the interaction of these factors at a specified time and place

58
Q

four levels of analysis:

A

(a) the macrosystem or the larger cultural values and belief systems that foster family violence;
(b) ecosystem or the formal and informal structures that affect the individuals and the family systems;
(c) microsystem or the family units in which the violence occurs; and
(d) the ontogenetic level or the personal history or experiences that contribute to family violence

59
Q

A single factor explains why some individuals
behave violently toward their partners or why interpersonal violence is more prevalent in some
communities than in others

A

False - NO

60
Q

Violence is the result of the complex interplay of individual, relationship, social, cultural and environmental factors

A

true

61
Q

interpersonal violence results from the interaction of factors at different levels of the social environment.

A

true

62
Q

represents the biological and personal history that each individual brings to his or her behavior
in relationships

A

innermost circle

63
Q

represents the immediate context in which violence takes place –
frequently the family or other intimate or acquaintance relationship

A

second circle

64
Q

epresents the
institutions and social structures, both formal and informal, in which relationships are embedded –
neighborhood, workplace, social networks and peer groups

A

third circle

65
Q

the

economic and social environment, including cultural norms.

A

fourth, outermost circle

66
Q

Includes biological and personal history factors that may increase the likelihood that an individual will become a victim or perpetrator of violence.

A

 Individual

67
Q

: Includes factors that increase risk as a result of relationships with peers, intimate partners and family members. These are a person’s closest social circle and can shape their behavior and range of experiences.

A

Relationship

68
Q

Refers to the community contexts in which social relationships are embedded – such as schools, workplaces and neighborhoods – and seeks to identify the characteristics of these settings that are associated with people becoming victims or perpetrators of intimate partner violence.

A

 Community:

69
Q

: Includes the larger, macro-level factors that influence intimate partner violence such as gender inequality, religious or cultural belief systems, societal norms and economic or social policies that create or sustain gaps and tensions between groups of people

A

 Societal

70
Q

structural inequalities between
women and men, social constructions of masculinity and gender norms are risk factors for intimate
partner violence that would primarily be situated at the societal level of the model

A

TRUE

71
Q

recognizes that women in society have been subordinated and is committed to end this subordination

A

Feminist Theory

72
Q

The use of violence by the male partners is a not a reflection of the society’s emphasis on men’s greater power, authority and status

A

false - a recflection

73
Q

matriarchy is the root cause of violence against women where domestic violence is one form.

A

false- patriarchy

74
Q

the social structure that is constructed, reinforced, and perpetuated by socio-political institutions put in place by men and thereby ensure that men, by virtue of their gender, have power and control over women and children

A

patriarchy

75
Q

domestic violence happens in various forms including economic dependency and female sterilization within traditional extended family systems and within the context of institutionalized 24 patriarchy in the guise of legitimized dowry inadequacy or failure to give birth to male children;

A

inida

76
Q

wife beating is rooted in their history long before the Westerner’s arrival in the country

A

png

77
Q

domestic violence has been present prior to modernization;

A

two Northern Arctic communities

FORMED NA MAY VAWC (2 decks)

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