Theories Flashcards
(23 cards)
Structural Functionalism
Durkheim: social order is harmonious, social roles are optimal, top-down
Conflict Theory
Marx/Weber: society is result of power differences, top-down
Symbolic Interactionism
meanings derived from social interactions, Mead, Cooley
Labelling Theory
Becker: labels influence behaviour
Strain Theory
Merton: goals/opportunities don’t match = other pathways, deviance is socialization into counter-culture
False Consciousness
Marx: ideologies that benefit ruling class
Historical Materialism
Marx: people’s relationship to material goods dictate position in society
Modernization Theory
poor states are poor because of tradition, all societies should modernize, Eglitis criticism, organic solidarity, Protestantism
World System Theory
Marx: global capitalist system, core/peripheral countries
World Society Theory
converging universal culture, legitimacy, culture of rationalization/modernization, global legislative change can help inequality
Theory of Capitalism
Piketty: return on capital > growth rate of economy
Symbolic Ethnicity
Waters: ethnic labels that have little cost, white people see race as a harmless choice that just affects hobbies and smaller aspects of life
Statistical Discrimination
sorting people through certain markers for statistical purposes
Role Expectations Theory
the ideal/expected student or worker changes, social roles are genderized
Decency Continuum
Duits/van Zoonen: spectrum of expectations that regulate women’s bodies that differ based on race/ethnicity as well
Intersectionality
Crenshaw/Collins: race/class/gender collectively shape social realities
Genetic Options Theory
Ivemark/Roth: test results –> identity aspirations –> social appraisals –> new identity, self-identification
Social Capital
Khan: ability to mobilize, access to social networks
Cultural Capital
Khan: takes the form of privilege (ability to interact and negotiate hierarchies, ease in social situations, recognize that experiences matter)
Theory of Nature of Power
Weber: there is growing interest in ruling without constant coercion and violence, convince others of your authority through rationalization
McDonaldlization
Ritzer: society embracing principles of fast food restaurants and bureaucracies, increased commodification
Critical Race Theory
race is concept that oppresses BIPOC, state operates in racial/racist ways to dominate and benefit white-males
Resource Mobilization Model/Political Opportunity Models
Kincaid: ways to view right-wing/left-wing movements
