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Theories Flashcards

1
Q

A theory about motivation. Believes people are born with the desire to continue to grow. People are motivated to fulfill basic needs before moving on to more advanced needs. Life events can cause people to fluctuate between the different stages. There are 5 stages.

A

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory

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2
Q

What order is the physiological stage in?

A

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory - First stage

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3
Q

What is the motivation for the physiological in?

A

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory - Fulfill essential needs of oxygen, water, food, sleep, shelter, and clothing (warmth) - without these, you will die.

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4
Q

What order is the safety and security stage in?

A

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory - Second stage

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5
Q

What is the motivation for the safety and security stage?

A

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory - Fulfill safety needs regarding health and wellness, financial security, and safety from injury

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6
Q

What order is the social stage in?

A

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory - Third stage

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7
Q

What is the motivation for the social stage in?

A

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory - Fulfill love, friendship, intimacy, affection by way of belonging to social groups, friends, family, and romantic partners

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8
Q

What order is the esteem stage in?

A

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory - Fourth stage

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9
Q

What is the motivation for the esteem stage?

A

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory - Fulfill self-respect/confidence within yourself and respect from others by way of acknowledgment. Primary achieved by being competent and achievement.

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10
Q

What order is the self-actualization stage in?

A

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory - Fifth stage

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11
Q

What is the motivation for the self-actualization stage?

A

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory - To live in your purpose/do what you were meant to do/answer your true calling/become best version of yourself.
You’re more objective about the world we live in and do what’s within your control instead of fighting reality (radical acceptance)
Only 1% of the population consistently operates at this level.

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12
Q

What does Erik Erikson propose in his theory? What is the theory?

A

As we go through the 8 stages in our lives, particular needs need to be met. Person experiences psychosocial crisis that can have a positive or negative outcome for personality development. Psychosocial Stages of Development.

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13
Q

What is the first stage of Erik Erikson’s Psychosocial Stages of Development? When does it occur? What is the virtue?

A

Trust vs. Mistrust. Birth to 1.5 years old. Hope.

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14
Q

Requirement of success for first stage of Erikson’s PSoD?

A

Receive consistent, predictable, and reliable care from PCG. Allow infant to develop sense of trust. Help in other relationships, feel secure even when threatened.

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15
Q

Failure to complete first stage of Erikson’s PSoD?

A

Sense of fear develops, mistrust/suspicion of others, anxiety

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16
Q

Outcome of first stage of Erikson’s PSoD?

A

Hope - experience hope through life’s challenges, that others will be there to help and support

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17
Q

What is the second stage of Erik Erikson’s Psychosocial Stages of Development? When does it occur? What is the virtue?

A

Autonomy vs. Shame. 1.5-3 years old. Will.

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18
Q

Requirement of success for second stage of Erikson’s PSoD?

A

Focus on independence of discovering and wanting to do things on their own. Walking, running away from parents, making choices. Must be encouraged and supported by parents.

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19
Q

Failure to complete second stage of Erikson’s PSoD?

A

Sense of feeling inadequate in ability to survive develops, overly dependent, lack of self-esteem, feel a sense of shame/doubt in abilities.

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20
Q

Outcome of second stage of Erikson’s PSoD?

A

Will - more confident/secure in ability to survive, more willing to take leap of faith with less worry/fear

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21
Q

What is the third stage of Erik Erikson’s Psychosocial Stages of Development? When does it occur? What is the virtue?

A

Initiative vs. Guilt. 3-6 years old. Purpose.

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22
Q

Requirement of success of third stage of Erikson’s PSoD?

A

Explore interpersonal skills, primarily through play with others.

Imagination, create games, instruct play (leadership), learn to accept instructions (following)

learn limits on what they can control, difference between reality and imagination, learn what behaviors get positive and negative results

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23
Q

Failure to complete third stage of Erikson’s PSoD?

A

Sense of guilt. Too much guilt impacts initiative and independence. May be reluctant to take action. Needs to be in control. Struggle with magical thinking.

No consequences = struggle in interpersonal relationships, setting limits for themselves, magical thinking

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24
Q

What is magical thinking?

A

When one expects problems to go away or things to happen without taking action to impact outcome or to assume we know better even if not qualified in that area

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25
Q

Outcome of third stage of Erikson’s PSoD?

A

Purpose - initiate action toward their own purpose, use creativity to problem solve, practice both leadership and follower roles

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26
Q

What is the fourth stage of Erik Erikson’s Psychosocial Stages of Development? When does it occur? What is the virtue?

A

Industry vs. Inferiority. 6-12 years old. Competency.

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27
Q

Requirement of success of fourth stage of Erikson’s PSoD?

A

If initiative is encouraged and reinforced, children begin to feel industrious (competent) and confident in ability to achieve goals.

Peer group with gain greater significance and become major source of child’s self-esteem. Feels need to win approval by demonstrating competencies valued by society & begin to develop pride in accomplishments.

Focused on achievement, winning and social status. Those who can achieve goals & recognition experience confidence and competency.

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28
Q

Failure to complete fouth stage of Erikson’s PSoD?

A

If initiative is not encouraged, child begins to feel inferior, doubting abilities & therefore may not reach potential. Tend to become insecure or initiate but not complete.

29
Q

Outcome of fourth stage of Erikson’s PSoD?

A

Competency - big part of confidence as we develop in life

30
Q

What is the fifth stage of Erik Erikson’s Psychosocial Stages of Development? When does it occur? What is the virtue?

A

Identity vs. Role Confusion. 12-18 years old. Fidelity.

31
Q

Requirement of success of fifth stage of Erikson’s PSoD?

A

Search for sense of self and personal identity through intense exploration of personal values, beliefs, and goals. Become more independent. Begin to look at future in terms of careers, relationships, families, etc. Wants to belong/fit into society.

32
Q

Failure to complete fifth stage of Erikson’s PSoD?

A

Difficulties with commitment, fragile sense of self, lack of confidence, negative self-image, unwillingness to express thoughts/ideas or accept others that differ, feelings of worthlessness/being unlovable, sex/relationship issues.

Failure to establish sense of identity = role confusion - individual not being sure about themselves or their place in society

33
Q

Outcome of fifth stage of Erikson’s PSoD?

A

Fidelity - Involves being able to commit oneself to others, accept others, even with ideologic differences

34
Q

What is the sixth stage of Erik Erikson’s Psychosocial Stages of Development? When does it occur? What is the virtue?

A

Intimacy vs. Isolation. 18-40 years old. Love.

35
Q

Requirement of success of sixth stage of Erikson’s PSoD?

A

Being to share themselves more intimately with others. Explore relationships outside of family.

36
Q

Failure to complete sixth stage of Erikson’s PSoD?

A

Avoiding intimacy, fearing commitment and relationships can lead to isolation, loneliness, and sometimes depression

37
Q

Outcome of sixth stage of Erikson’s PSoD?

A

Love - happy relationships & sense of commitment, safety & care within relationships

38
Q

What is the seventh stage of Erik Erikson’s Psychosocial Stages of Development? When does it occur? What is the virtue?

A

Generativity vs. Stagnation. 40-65 years old. Care.

39
Q

Requirement of success of seventh stage of Erikson’s PSoD?

A

Giving back to society through raising children, being productive at work, becoming involved in community activities and organizations.

40
Q

Failure to complete seventh stage of Erikson’s PSoD?

A

Become stagnant and feel unproductive, feel disconnected or uninvolved in society.

41
Q

Outcome of seventh stage of Erikson’s PSoD?

A

Care - feelings of usefulness and accomplishment

42
Q

What is the eighth stage of Erik Erikson’s Psychosocial Stages of Development? When does it occur? What is the virtue?

A

Integrity vs. Despair. 65+ years old. Wisdom

43
Q

Requirement of success of eighth stage of Erikson’s PSoD?

A

Evaluate our lives by contemplating accomplishments. Can develop integrity if we see ourselves leading a successful life.

44
Q

Failure to complete eighth stage of Erikson’s PSoD?

A

Individuals that reflect with regret experience bitterness and despair.

45
Q

Outcome of eighth stage of Erikson’s PSoD?

A

Wisdom - enables person to reflect with a sense of closure and completeness and accept death without fear

46
Q

What is Psychoanalytic Theory? Who’s theory is it?

A

People’s behavior is influenced by unconscious thought, feeling, desires, and memories. Sigmund Freud.

47
Q

What is the goal of psychoanalysis?

A

to uncover repressed emotions and experiences by making the unconscious, conscious so it can be appropriately addressed

48
Q

What is cathexis?

A

term for “psychic energy” (urges) for things such as desires, wishes, etc. that drive human behavior

49
Q

What is anti-cathexis?

A

Used to restrict the urges of ID and keep repressed information in unconscious mind

50
Q

What are the 3 levels of consciousness of mind?

A

Conscious mind, preconscious mind, unconscious mind

51
Q

What is conscious mind?

A

Fully aware of thought

52
Q

What is preconscious mind?

A

Thoughts and ideas outside of immediate awareness. Nothing thinking about information at very moment, can recall info by thinking about it.

53
Q

What is unconscious mind?

A

Opposite of conscious mind. Unaware of thoughts and ideas. Cannot be accessed or brought into full awareness by ourselves.

54
Q

What is the Structural Theory of Personality Development? Who’s theory is it?

A

Id, Ego, Super-ego. Sigmund Freud.

55
Q

What is Id?

A

Primitive & instinctive part of personality, only part present at birth
Impulsive & operates on unconscious level
Operates off “Pleasure Principle” - seeks immediate gratification, wants to received satisfaction for anything fun
Id says “this is what I want and I want it now”

56
Q

What is Ego?

A

Wants to satisfy Id & Super Ego
Considers social realities, norms, etiquette & rules in deciding behaviors to get desires met
Operates off “Reality Principle” - awareness we live in a society with laws & social norms so we cant just do whatever we feel like doing to satisfy needs b/c there are consequences to our actions
Acts as self-control and practices delayed gratification
Referee/mediator to Id and Super Ego

57
Q

What is Super Ego?

A

Conscious + ego ideal
Develops around age 3-5 during phallic stage
Part of personality that wants to be “good/better” person by incorporating concepts of morality, ethics, justice, and “right” from “wrong” into our decision making on how we behave

58
Q

What is the conscious in Super Ego?

A

1/2 of Super Ego
Includes info about things that are viewed as bad by others
“Should nots”
Behaviors often forbidden & lead to bad consequences, feelings of guilt/remorse and punishments

59
Q

What is the ego ideal in Super Ego?

A

1/2 of Super Ego
Includes rules/standards for behaviors that ego aspires to
Tries to perfect/civilize our behavior
“Shoulds”
Works to suppress all unacceptable urges of the ID and the struggles to make the ego act upon idealistic standards instead of principles

60
Q

Who’s theory is the 5 Stages of Psychosexual Development? What is the theory?

A

Sigmund Freud.
Each stage has sexual energy (libido) to satisfy
More stages appropriately satisfied - healthier personality

61
Q

What are the 5 Stages of Psychosexual Development?

A
  1. Oral
  2. Anal
  3. Phallic
  4. Latency
  5. Genital
62
Q

What is the first stage of Psychosexual Development?

A

Oral - birth to 1yo
focus on mouth, Id present from birth, Ego develops 1-3yo

63
Q

What is the second stage of Psychosexual Development?

A

Anal - 1-3yo
Focus on bladder

64
Q

What is the third stage of Psychosexual Development?

A

Phallic - 3-6yo
focus on genitals, super ego develops, oedipus and electra complex needs to be resolved

65
Q

What is the fourth stage of Psychosexual Development?

A

Latency - 6yo-puberty
libido is dormant, sexual impulses repressed, focus on learning new things (school/friendships), socializing with same gender

66
Q

What is the fifth stage of Psychosexual Development?

A

Genitals - puberty-adulthood
focus on libido/sexual energy becoming active again, interest in sexual partner

67
Q

What is the acronym for 5 Stages of Psychosexual Development?

A

O-1 A-3 P-6 L-PUBERTY G-ADULTHOOD

68
Q
A

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