theories

Question 1

stress response involving three stages: alarm, resistance, and exhaustion

Answer 1

general adaptation syndrome

Question 2

focusing on solving the stressor to reduce stress

Answer 2

problem-focused coping

Question 3

focusing on reducing the emotional impacts of the stressor to reduce stress

Answer 3

emotion-focused coping

Question 4

Brief storage of sensory information helps in quick evaluations.

Answer 4

sensory memory

Question 5

Limited capacity for holding and manipulating information aids in immediate problem-solving.

Answer 5

short-term memory

Question 6

Permanent storage of knowledge informs decisions and judgments based on previous learning.

Answer 6

long-term memory

Question 7

A crucial tool that allows individuals to hold and manipulate information temporarily, aiding in problem-solving by maintaining essential data at hand.

Answer 7

working memory

Question 8

A tendency to search for, interpret, and remember information that confirms existing preconceptions can lead to flawed judgments.

Answer 8

cognitive bias

Question 9

Limits problem-solving by constraining individuals to think of objects only in their conventional roles.

Answer 9

functional fixedness

Question 10

information processing model

Answer 10

encoding, storage, and retrieval

Question 11

Skills and conditioned responses (non-declarative).

Answer 11

implicit memory

Question 12

judging the likelihood of an event based on how easily it comes to mind

Answer 12

availability heuristic

Question 13

judging the likelihood of an event based on how similar it is to a prototype or stereotype

Answer 13

representativeness heuristic

Question 14

piaget’s stages of cognitive development

Answer 14

sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational

Question 15

moral development stages

Answer 15

preconventional, conventional, post-conventional

Question 16

classical conditioning

Answer 16

associating an unconditioned stimulus with a conditioned one. acquisition is learning the association, extinction is unlearning it

Question 17

operant conditioning

Answer 17

bf skinner’s work. focuses on positive and negative reinforcement

Question 18

study demonstrating the importance of comfort

Answer 18

harlow’s monkey studies

Question 19

feeling love and warmth towards caregiver, generally positive. distress when caregiver leaves but soothed when they return

Answer 19

secure attachment

Question 20

anxiety when caregiver is away and unable to be soothed even upon return

Answer 20

anxious/ambivalent attachment

Question 21

ambivalent when caregiver is away, avoidant when they return

Answer 21

avoidant attachment

Question 22

attribution theories

Answer 22

fundamental and situational attribution (remember actor-observer bias)

Question 23

positive outcomes are because you’re good, negative outcomes are because the situation is bad

Answer 23

optimistic explanatory style, self-serving bias

Question 24

positive outcomes are because the situation is good, negative outcomes are because you suck

Answer 24

pessimistic explanatory style

Question 25

biological needs result in motivation

Answer 25

drive-reduction theory