Theories Flashcards
(24 cards)
What is child development is a matter of stage wise changes (steps) called?
Discontinuous development
What is child development is a matter of cumulative adding on if skills and behaviors (ramp) called?
Continuous Development
What is “genetic factors are more important determinants of development” called?
Nature
What are environmental factors that are more important determinants of development called?
Nurture
Childhood was not considered a separate phase of the life cycle when?
Medieval times
Who viewed the child as a tabula rosa?
John Locke
What’s tabula rosa?
Belief that the child is a blank slate whose character is shaped by experience
Who thought that children were noble savages and created 4 stages of development?
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Who measured behaviors on large numbers of children to come up with age-related averages?
G. Stanley Hall
Who created the first intelligence test?
Alfred Binet
Who said Nature and Nurture were equally important?
James Mark Baldwin
Who believed that the human cognitive development is a result of adaptations to the physical environment?
Jean Piaget
Who created the psychosexual theory?
Sigmund Freud
What states that as children move through the stages of development, the source of pleasure moved to different areas of the body - it develops personality?
Psychosexual theory
Who created the psychosocial theory?
Erik Erikson
What is a series of crises to describe successive turning point or choices that influences personality growth across the life span called?
Psychosocial Theory
Who believed in studying directly observable events - stimuli and responses - rather than the unseen workings of the mind?
John Watson
Who created Operant Conditioning?
B.F. Skinner
What is a form of learning in which a spontaneous behavior is followed by a stimulus that changes the probability that the behavior will occur again?
Operant Conditioning
What is an approach that emphasizes the role of modeling, or observational learning, in the development of behavior called?
Social Learning Theory
Who believed that morals develop in stages that go from self-centered focus to a higher level that focuses on the good of society?
Lawrence Kohlberg
Who believed that children actively construct their own knowledge by using their senses and developed a method of teaching that stresses that children learn at their own pace and level of development?
Maria Montesorri
Who believed that children acquire the ways of thinking and behaving that make up a community’s culture through cooperative dialogues with more knowledgable members of that society?
Lev Vygotsky
Who created the Hierarchy of Human Needs where we move from Physiological to Self-Actualization Needs?
Abraham Maslow
