THEORIES AND APPROACHES

Question 1

THEORIES AND APPROACHES

Answer 1

1.Synoptic Rationalism
2.Incremental/Muddling Through
3. Transactivism
4.Advocacy Planning
5.Radical Planning
6. Utopianism
7.Methodism

Question 2

UNDER THEORIES AND APPROACHES
- is the foundation and embodiment of the scientific method
- serves the same role in planning theory

Answer 2

Synoptic Rationalism

Question 3

UNDER THEORIES AND APPROACHES
- The rationalist model of the planning process generally contains the following steps.
-Goals and objectives are set.
-Policy alternatives are identified.
-The policy alternatives are evaluated - vis-à-vis effectiveness (in attaining the goals and objectives), efficiency, and constraints using scientific conceptual models and evaluation techniques (e.g., cost benefit analysis).
-The selected policy alternative is implemented,

Answer 3

Synoptic Rationalism

Question 4

UNDER THEORIES AND APPROACHES
- was espoused by Charles Lindbloom in The Science of Muddling Through- is a practical response to rationalism.

Answer 4

Incremental/Muddling Through

Question 5

UNDER THEORIES AND APPROACHES
- Planning is seen as less of a scientific technique and more of a mixture of intuition and experience.

Answer 5

Incremental/Muddling Through

Question 6

UNDER THEORIES AND APPROACHES
- Major policy changes are best made in little increments over long periods of time.
- very accurately describes what actually occurs in most planning offices on daily basis

Answer 6

Incremental/Muddling Through

Question 7

UNDER THEORIES AND APPROACHES
- Like incrementalism, __________ does not view planning purelv as a scientific technique

Answer 7

Transactivism

Question 8

UNDER THEORIES AND APPROACHES
- is roughly behavioralist-style planning.

Answer 8

Transactivism

Question 8

UNDER THEORIES AND APPROACHES
- espouses planning as a decentralized function based on face to-face contacts, interpersonal dialogues, and mutual learning.

Answer 8

Transactivism

Question 9

UNDER THEORIES AND APPROACHES
- abandons the objective, non-political view of planning contained in rationalism.

Answer 9

Advocacy Planning

Question 10

UNDER THEORIES AND APPROACHES
- Planners become like lawvers: they advocate and defend the interests of a particular client or group (which is preferably economically disadvantaged and/or politically unorganized
or underrepresented).

Answer 10

Advocacy Planning

Question 11

UNDER THEORIES AND APPROACHES
- __________ takes transactivism to its logical extreme.

Answer 11

Radical Planning

Question 12

UNDER THEORIES AND APPROACHES
- hates hierarchical bureaucracies. centralized planning, and domineering professional planners.
- argues that planning is most effective when it is performed by non-professional neighborhood planning committees that
empower common citizens to experiment with solving their own problems.

Answer 12

Radical Planning

Question 13

UNDER THEORIES AND APPROACHES
- The ideal outcomes of this process are collective actions that promote self-reliance.
- Much of the __________ literature that have personally reads is based on Marxist interpretations and theories

Answer 13

Radical Planning

Question 14

UNDER THEORIES AND APPROACHES
- believes that planning is most effective when it proposes sweeping changes that capture the public imagination.

Answer 14

Utopianism

Question 15

UNDER THEORIES AND APPROACHES
- Daniel Burnham’s Plan of Chicago, Frank Lloyd Wright’s Broadacre City, and Le Corbusier’s La Ville Contemporaine (Radiant City) are cited as utopian works

Answer 15

Utopianism

Question 16

UNDER THEORIES AND APPROACHES
- addresses situations in which the planning techniques that should be used are known, but the ends that should be achieved by these techniques are not.

Answer 16

Methodism

Question 17

UNDER THEORIES AND APPROACHES
- Such a situation would be making a population projection just to have it handy when it is needed.

Answer 17

Methodism

Question 18

UNDER THEORIES AND APPROACHES
- ___________ views planning techniques as ends into themselves.

Answer 18

Methodism