theories and techniques Flashcards
(103 cards)
1
Q
technique: creative hopelessness aka confronting the agenda
A
ACT
2
Q
technique: metaphors
A
ACT
3
Q
technique: name the story aka name the cognitive process
A
ACT
4
Q
technique: mindfulness exercises
A
ACT
5
Q
main idea: learn to accept life’s challenges/pain, identify personal values, and commit to behavior aligned with values
A
ACT
6
Q
objective: cognitive defusion
A
ACT; creating distance between ct and their thoughts
7
Q
objective: increase psychological flexibility
A
ACT
8
Q
main idea: identifying and exploring faulty logic and life goals. develop sense of belonging
A
adlerian
9
Q
technique: acting “as if”
A
adlerian
10
Q
objectives:
- understand experiences that affected ct development and identify patterns
- interrupt negative patterns and encourage alternative behaviors
- self confidence, courage
- examine and encourage personal responsibility, take resp for change
A
adlerian
11
Q
main idea: rebuild trust and security in relationships; goal based on client’s age (strengthening caregiver-child rel. vs developing healthy sense of self and rels.
A
attachment based
12
Q
attachment-based objectives: infant/toddler
A
enhance early attachment, increase parenting strengths/resilience
13
Q
attachment-based objectives: child/adolescent (family therapy)
A
improve communication, child expression, processing feelings, focus on improvement over problems
14
Q
attachment-based objectives: adult (individual)
A
- secure attachment with therapist
- explore attachment style/patterns, and connection to current issues
- self acceptance
- strengthen relationships, better communication
15
Q
technique: adult attachment interview
A
attachment-based
16
Q
technique: inner child work
A
attachment-based
17
Q
technique: play therapy
A
attachment-based (child/adolescent)
18
Q
main idea: altering/modifying specific, observable behavior for more adaptive functioning
A
behavioral
19
Q
objectives:
- increase frequency of desirable behavior, decrease freq. of undesirable behavior
increase motivation to complete a task
- self eval
- self awareness
- track progress
- increase social engagement and pleasurable experiences
- decrease avoidant behaviors, including phobia avoidance
- manage overwhelming tasks
- improve assertiveness and communication skills
- cope with stress, reduce anxiety, physical pain, and psychosomatic sxs
A
behavioral
20
Q
technique: positive/negative reinforcement
A
behavioral
21
Q
technique: self-monitoring
A
behavioral
22
Q
technique: premack principle
A
behavioral
having a healthy behavior being the ‘cost’ of a pleasurable one; e.g. going on a 20 min walk to watch one tv show
23
Q
technique: activity scheduling
A
behavioral
24
Q
technique: graded task assignment
A
behavioral
25
technique: systematic desensitization
behavioral, part of exposure therapy - gradual exposure to phobia
26
technique: flooding
behavioral, part of exposure therapy - all at once exposure to phobia
27
technique: assertiveness training
includes broken/stuck record, i-statments, and flogging (ie. agreeing with someone when they point out something that bothers them about you, ex: "your house is such a mess, it really annoys me" "i agree, my house is messy right now and i get that you find it annoying"
behavioral
28
technique: relaxation training (e.g. progressive muscle relaxation)
behavioral
29
main idea: challenge and replace distorted thoughts with healthy alternatives through cognitive restructuring
cbt
30
objectives:
- identify distortions
- consider alternative causes for events or perspectives
- worst-case scenario
- observe thoughts, not believing they're reality
- act out emotional interactions/conversations
- track thoughts, behaviors, and emotions
cbt
31
technique: socratic diologue
cbt
32
technique: reframe
cbt
33
technique: reattribution
(e.g. "is it possible there are other factors that lead to the incident?"
cbt
34
technique: decatastrophizing
cbt
35
technique: decentering/distancing
(ie not accepting thoughts as reality)
cbt
36
technique: modeling
cbt
37
main idea: recognize, accept, and manage strong emotions in a healthy way; learn skills to cope with distress, regulate emotions, and improve relationship
dbt
38
objectives:
- encourage nonjudgemental thoughts/observations
- reduce vulnerability to emotions
- decrease frequency of unpleasant emotions/emotional suffering
- manage emotional crises
- effective communication, assertiveness
- maintain healthy relationships, manage challenging ones
- challenge rigid thought processes
dbt
39
technique: wise mind
dbt mindfulness skills
ie balance "emotional mind" and "logic mind"
40
technique: "what" and "how" skills
dbt mindfulness skills
observe, describe, and engage in the "now"
41
technique: STOP
dbt emotional regulation
stop, take a step back, observe, and proceed mindfully
42
technique: opposite action
dbt emotional regulation
do the opposite of what your emotion is telling you to do, e.g. when sad, meet with friend instead of withdrawing
43
technique: ACCEPTS
dbt distress tolerance skills
keep emotions manageable until resolved
activities, contributions, comparison, emotions, pushing away, thoughts, sensation
44
TIPP
dbt distress tolerance
using body chem to calm down quick
tip the temp, intense exercise, paced breathing, pair muscle relaxation
45
IMPROVE
dbt distress tolerance
tolerate unpleasant emotions until less intense
imagery, meaning, prayer, relaxation, one thing in the moment, vacation (mental)
46
technique: radical acceptance
dbt distress tolerance
acknowledge what is; choose to hold onto pain or move forward
47
technique: DEARMAN
dbt interpersonal effectiveness
effectively express/fulfill needs while connecting with others
describe, express, assert, reinforce, mindful, appear, negotiate
48
technique: GIVE
dbt interpersonal effectiveness
nurture healthy relationship
be gentle, act interested, validate, use an easy manner
49
technique: FAST
dbt interpersonal effectiveness
remain true to self while expressing thoughts/concerns
be fair, no apologies, stick to value, be truthful
50
main idea: experiential learning that focuses on here-and-now awareness and resolving unfinished business
gestalt
51
objectives:
- explores inner conflict
- integrate polarities
- resolve unfinished business
- accept "denied" attributes
- bring awareness to body language and contradictions in words, thoughts, feelings, and actions
gestalt
52
technique: internal diaolgue aka empty chair aka role play
gestalt
53
technique: dream work
gestalt
54
technique: exaggeration
(e.g. "as you talk about your boyfriend, your hands are shaking. i want you to shake them even more and tell me what feelings come up")
gestalt
55
technique: stay with feeling
gestalt
56
main idea: secular methodology, blending mindfulness training and cognitive therapy to manage distress, especially depression; taught in group setting
MBCT (mindfulness-based cognitive therapy)
57
objective:
- being present
- bringing awareness to thoughts, feelings, and body
- shift from self-judgement to self-awareness
- cultivate attitude of acceptance
- disconnect self from thoughts and mood
MBCT (mindfulness-based cognitive therapy)
58
technique: body scan
MBCT (mindfulness-based cognitive therapy)
59
technique: guided imagery
MBCT (mindfulness-based cognitive therapy)
60
technique: cognitive decentering
(e.g. "i'm a terrible person" becomes "i'm having a thought that i'm a terrible person")
MBCT (mindfulness-based cognitive therapy)
61
main idea: short-term program for addictions to increase client's motivation to change
MET (motivational enhancement therapy)
62
objectives:
- assess/monitor readiness to change
- evoke "change talk"
- reinforce self-motivational statements
- empower client
- take action to change
- deflect/defuse resistance
MET (motivational enhancement therapy)
63
technique: motivational interviewing and open-ended questions
MET (motivational enhancement therapy)
64
technique: develop a discrepancy
(e.g. "how does drinking and driving fit in with your desire to be a positive role model for your son?"
MET (motivational enhancement therapy)
65
technique: roll with resistance
(e.g. "you're saying you can't quit drinking. that may be the case. you might decide that it's worth it to continue drinking")
MET (motivational enhancement therapy)
66
technique: double sided reflection
(e.g. "you don't think you're an alcoholic, but you're considering that it's possible that your drinking is excessive and may be causing some health issues for you.")
MET (motivational enhancement therapy)
67
technique: emphasis autonomy/personal choice
(e.g. "in the end, the choice of whether to continue drinking or stop is really up to you. no one can make you do anything.")
MET (motivational enhancement therapy)
68
main idea: change a problem-saturate narrative into a healthier one
narrative
69
objectives:
- understand how ct makes meaning of their experience
- create distance between self and problems
- examine issues objectively
- clarify story and problem
- identify contradictions to problem-saturated story
- re-author
narrative
70
technique: externalization, personify the problem
narrative
71
technique: mapping the effects
narrative
72
technique: deconstruction
(clarifying the story/problem: e.g. "you mentioned that your husband doesn't seem invested in your relationship anymore. can you give me an example of this?")
narrative
73
technique: uncover unique outcomes (ie exceptions to the story/problem)
narrative
74
technique: therapeutic journaling
narrative
75
main idea: create a strong therapeutic alliance to enable client's self exploration; relationship-centered instead of technique-centered
person-centered
76
objectives:
- enable self-understanding
- support client's subjective experience
- establish trust and safety
person-centered
77
technique: unconditional positive regard/acceptance
person-centered
78
technique: genuineness/congruence
person-centered
79
main idea: analyze client's past to understand how it has shaped their current thoughts and behavior; focus is on bringing the unconscious to the conscious and enhancing ego functioning
psychoanalytic
80
objectives
- identify repressed material
- uncover unconscious conflicts
- identify themes/patterns
- address and overcome opposition to therapy (resistance)
- explore relational patterns
- process unresolved conflicts
psychoanalytic
81
technique: free association
psychoanalytic
82
technique: dream analysis
psychoanalytic
83
technique: analysis of resistance
psychoanalytic
84
technique: analysis of transference
psychoanalytic
85
main idea: emphasize choice, personal responsibility, and taking action to meet needs
reality
86
objectives:
- encourage reflection and personal responsibility
- identify needs and explore behavior
- assess willingness to change
- change behavior
reality
87
technique: WDEP model
reality
explore Wants and needs, examine life Direction, self-Evaluation, make Plans
88
main idea: challenging irrational thoughts will lead to emotional and behavior change
REBT (rational emotive behavior therapy)
89
objectives:
- interrupt self-defeating thoughts/beh
- alter rigid expectations
- take accountability for emotions
- change perspective
- overcome fears
- create new emotional patterns
- train ct to feel healthy emotions
- increase tolerance for discomfort and risk taking
- challenge need for approval
- reduce shame
- challenge extreme view/rule
- question "awfulizing" belief
- confidence in ability to adapt
REBT (rational emotive behavior therapy)
90
technique: "blow up" technique
(e.g. "imagine giving a speech and the audience starts throwing tomatoes at you until a fight ensures. lets really get creative and imagine what happens next!")
REBT (rational emotive behavior therapy)
91
technique: shame-attacking
(e.g. fear of drawing attention to self, "go to grocery store with brightly colored shirt")
REBT (rational emotive behavior therapy)
92
technique: reverse roleplaying aka devils advocate
(e.g. client thinks therapy will be a waste, "you're probably right, therapy can be a hard process and idk if its a good idea for you")
REBT (rational emotive behavior therapy)
93
technique: time projection
(e.g. "you're worried about oversleeping and missing a meeting, you believe it would be "horrible". imagine this happens tomorrow, what would you do? how would you feel 6 months from now?"
REBT (rational emotive behavior therapy)
94
main idea: therapist helps clients change by focusing on solutions to problems; therapy is present and future-oriented
solution focused brief therapy
95
objectives:
- gather info about current problem
- identify wants for future
- develop goals
- visualize success
- validate whats going well/working
- rate problem, measure distance from goal and progress
- identify strengths and resources
solution focused brief therapy
96
technique: miracle question aka magic wand question
solution focused brief therapy
97
technique: scaling question
solution focused brief therapy
98
technique: exception question
solution focused brief therapy
99
main idea: everyone has an innate search for meaning in life; focuses on identifying meaning, even amidst challenging times, to give a sense of purpose and, in turn, a source of strength
logotherapy (frankl)
100
term: self-transcendence
logotherapy
def: the process of moving beyond one's own personal needs, striving towards higher goals that are outside oneself. encourages clients to take ownership, make responsible choices, and re-focus on what is meaningful to them
101
main ideas:
- pscyhological dysfunction and mental illness are non-existent
- focus is on here-and-now
- humans are free and responsible
- making choices that you take full responsibility for are central to becoming a healthy human
existential
102
4 themes of existential therapy
death, freedom and responsibility, isolation, meaninglessness
103
