Theories of Counseling Flashcards
(124 cards)
A counselor who follows an eclectic approach to counseling primarily bases the choice of utilized techniques upon
A. the severity of the emotional distress exhibited by the client.
B. the clients intellectual, emotional, and environmental resources.
C. whether the client was referred or volunteered for counseling.
D. the theoretical orientation espoused in the counselors professional preparation program.
B. the clients intellectual, emotional, and environmental resources.
Client: “I just can’t see myself working in a hospital, being around sick kids all day.” Counselor: You just don’t like kids.
The counselor in this example has made which of the following types of reflection error?
A. depth.
B. capitulation.
C. meaning.
D. syntax.
C. meaning.
The counseling technique used by the counselor to explain to a client the logical inconsistencies in the clients statements is known as
A. confrontation.
B. summarization.
C. paradoxical intention.
D. systematic desensitization.
A. confrontation.
In the context of the reality therapy approach to counseling, the counselor strives to achieve a counseling relationship in which the counselor assumes a(n) _________ role in decision-making relative to the client.
A. superordinate
B. equal.
C. subordinate.
D. antithetical.
B. equal.
In Schein’s “Doctor-Patient” model of consultation, which of the following conditions must be met for the consultation process to be effective?
A. The consultee correctly interprets the systems identified.
B. The consultee trusts that the consultant has provided accurate diagnostic information.
C. The consultee is willing to implement the suggestions made by the consultant.
D. All of the above conditions must be met.
D. All of the above conditions must be met.
A client comes to a counselor complaining of “being generally unhappy.” However, the client is unable to clarify further the nature of the unhappiness other than through vague allusions to being not interested in anything. At this point, in the process, the counselor would be best advised to
A. confront the clients inability to clarify the reasons for the unhappiness.
B. explore activities that the client enjoyed in the past.
C. use active-listening skills until the client is better able to describe the problem.
D. generate and discuss possible reasons for the clients unhappiness.
C. use active-listening skills until the client is better able to describe the problem.
Client: “Most of the time things are fine, but I hate it when my parents fight. It makes me want to run away from home.” Counselor: “Is it possible that you both love and hate your parents?”
The counselors response is an example of the counseling skill known as
A. reflection.
B. interpretation.
C. summarization.
D. confrontation.
B. interpretation.
Which the following is a basic assumption underlying effective use of Caplan’s Mental Health Consultation model?
A. Mental health consultation is a supplement to other problem-solving mechanisms within an organization.
B. Consultee attitudes and affect must be dealt with directly in the mental health consultation process.
C. The technical expertise of the mental health consultant is sufficient for design of the effective intervention.
D. The consultant and consultee share responsibility for case management.
A. Mental health consultation is a supplement to other problem-solving mechanisms within an organization.
Ellis’ rational emotive therapy and Meichenbaums cognitive behavior modification approaches to counseling are similar in that both hold that
A. a client’s cognitions are “hypotheses to be tested,” not absolute facts or truths.
B. clients should perform “personal experiments” to determine if cognitions are beliefs are consistent with objective
reality.
C. “restructuring of cognitions” is an important aspect of therapeutic change.
D. all of the above.
D. all of the above.
Clients and counselors sit closer together, presumably reflecting being psychologically closer, when they are similar in terms of factors such as age, social status, and general appearance (eg. style of clothing worn). However, research in proxemics also has shown that forward (upper-body) trunk lean by a counselor is likely to cause a negative, distancing reaction initially in a client who is
A. depressed and crying.
B. less intelligent than the counselor.
C. a different race from the counselor.
D. much shorter than the counselor.
C. a different race from the counselor.
Counselors who follow a behavioral counseling orientation know that primary emphasis in it is the development of
A. a loving counselor-client relationship.
B. the client’s awareness of subconscious feeling.
C. an awareness of client behavioral stimuli and reinforcements.
D. the client’s needs hierarchy in behavioral terms.
C. an awareness of client behavioral stimuli and reinforcements.
In the context of the counselors use of active learning skills, the following is an example of which type of reflection error? Client: “I just can’t see myself sitting at a desk job all day.”
Counselor: “You want to do outdoor work.”
A. depth.
B. language.
C. meaning.
D. implication.
D. implication.
“Men (used here to mean all people) are disturbed not by things, but by the view which they take of them.” This quote, attributable to Epictetus, most closely describes the counseling theory developed by
A. Rogers.
B. Carkhuff.
C. Freud.
D. Ellis.
D. Ellis.
The counseling technique in which the counselor intensifies the clients emotional state in order to help the client understand the irrationality of the emotional reaction is known as
A. confrontation.
B. paradoxical intention.
C. systematic desensitization.
D. reconfiguration.
B. paradoxical intention.
Sigmund Freud is the father of psychoanalysis, which is both a form of treatment and a very comprehensive personality theory. According to Freud’s theory, inborn drives (mainly sexual) help form the personality. _______ and _______, who originally worked with Freud, created individual psychology and analytic psychology, respectively.
a. Carl Jung; Alfred Adler.
b. Alfred Adler; Carl Jung.
c. Joseph Breuer; A. A. Brill.
d. Alfred Adler; Rollo May.
b. Alfred Adler; Carl Jung.
Eric Berne’s transactional analysis (TA) posits three ego states: the Child, the Adult, and the Parent. These roughly correspond to Freud’s structural theory that includes
a. oral, anal, phallic.
b. unconscious, preconscious, and conscious.
c. a and b.
d. id, ego, and superego.
d. id, ego, and superego.
In transactional analysis, the _______ is the conscience, or ego state concerned with moral behavior, while in Freudian theory it is the _______.
a. Adult; unconscious.
b. Parent;ego.
c. Parent; superego.
d. Parent;id.
c. Parent; superego.
Freudians refer to the ego as
a. the executive administrator of the personality and the reality principle.
b. the guardian angel of the mind.
c. the pleasure principle.
d. the seat of libido.
a. the executive administrator of the personality and the reality principle.
Freud’s theory speaks of Eros and Thanatos. A client who threatens a self-destructive act is being ruled primarily by
a. Eros.
b. Eros and the id.
c. Thanatos.
d. both Eros and Thanatos.
c. Thanatos.
The id is present at birth and never matures. It operates mainly out of awareness to satisfy instinctual needs according to the
a. reality principle.
b. notion of transference.
c. Eros principle.
d. pleasure principle.
d. pleasure principle.
The superego contains the ego ideal. The superego strives for _______, rather than _______ like the id.
a. perfection; pleasure.
b. pleasure; perfection.
c. morals; ethics.
d. logic; reality.
a. perfection; pleasure.
All of these theorists could be associated with the analytic movement except
a. Freud.
b. Jung.
c. Adler.
d. Wolpe.
d. Wolpe.
Which case is not associated with the psychodynamic movement?
a. Little Hans.
b. Little Albert.
c. Anna O.
d. Schreber.
b. Little Albert.
Which case is not associated with the psychodynamic movement?
a. Little Hans.
b. Little Albert.
c. Anna O.
d. Schreber.
b. Little Albert.
