Theories of Drug Use Flashcards
(25 cards)
What is the definition of addiction according to DSM-5-TR?
A chronic disorder characterised by compulsive substance use despite harmful consequences.
What does ICD-11 recognize as substance dependence?
A cluster of physiological, behavioural, and cognitive phenomena.
What is required for a diagnosis of Substance Use Disorder?
Clinically significant impairment or distress and characterised by >2 of the criteria in past 12 months.
What does the Moral Model view addiction as?
A moral failing and sign of personal weakness.
What is the Spiritual Model in relation to substance use disorder?
Suggests SUD stems from a lack of spiritual fulfilment or a disconnection from a higher power.
What are some limitations of the Moral and Spiritual Models?
- Lack of scientific evidence
- Stigma against individuals with addiction
- Reinforces self-blame and powerlessness
- Emphasis on abstinence as primary goal.
What does the Disease Model of Addiction propose?
Views addiction as a medical condition rather than a moral failing.
What brain changes are associated with addiction in the Disease Model?
Changes in brain structure and function in the prefrontal cortex and reward system.
What do Genetic Theories suggest about addiction?
There is a strong genetic component in addiction susceptibility.
What role do neurotransmitters play in addiction?
Dopamine, serotonin, glutamate, and GABA play key roles in addiction.
What is neuro-adaptation?
Changes in the brain that occur to oppose a drug’s acute actions after repeated drug administration.
How does long-term drug use affect brain function?
Weakens control and increases compulsive behaviours.
What is the implication of neurobiological theories for treatment?
Supports medical interventions such as medication-assisted treatment and harm reduction strategies.
What do psychodynamic perspectives suggest about addiction?
Addictions are a symptom of an underlying psychological problem.
What are some characteristics of personality theories related to addiction?
- Sensation-seeking and neuroticism increase risk
- Conscientiousness may be protective.
What does classical conditioning in addiction refer to?
Sights, smells, and sounds associated with drug use elicit physiological and psychological responses.
What are the three main types of reinforcement in operant conditioning?
- Pleasure reinforcement
- Negative reinforcement
- Punishment.
What does cognitive theory focus on in relation to addiction?
The impact of thoughts on behaviours and feelings.
What is expectancy theory?
Addictive behaviours chosen due to beliefs about effects and outcomes of using.
What is the goal of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) in treating substance use?
To address the interconnectedness of thoughts, emotions, and behaviours.
What are some components of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy?
- Functional analysis
- Coping strategies training
- Self-monitoring
- Cognitive restructuring
- Behavioural experiments
- Relapse prevention model.
What characterizes Third Wave Psychotherapies?
Emphasis on mindfulness and acceptance strategies.
What does the biopsychosocial model propose?
Drug use is influenced by a combination of biological, psychological, and social factors.
What is the focus of social and system theories in relation to substance use?
Determinants of behaviour based on an individual’s role within a system.
