Theories On Religion Flashcards
(15 cards)
What is substantive religion
Clear line drawn between religiou and non-religious
Max Weber 1905
belief in a superior or supernatural higher power above nature and can’t be explained
Criticisms of substantive religion
It ignores religions who don’t believe in a God
Functional religion
Religion - the social or psychological functions it performs
Durkheim 1915
defines religion interim of its contribution it has made to social integration rather than belief in supernatural God
Criticisms of functional religion
The definition is too broad
Constructionist definition of religion
It’s nort possible to come up with single definition of religion that is generally accepted
Durkheim - Sacred
The sacred are the things set apart and forbidden inspire fear,awe,wonder are surrounded by taboos or prohibit actions
- items like the Quran
Durkheim - Profane
Things that have no special significance things that are ordinary and mundane
Durkheim totenism
Example of a sacred item
Aboriginal Australian tribe\
EVT
This theory is unsound
Collective consciousness
Key positive function
Shared values and norms
Cognitive functions of religion
Durkheim sees religion as source of social solidarity + intellectual / cognitive capabilities
Psycological functions of religion Malinowski
Malinowski agrees with Durkheim religion promotes solidarity - by performing psycological functions o cope with emotions
Malinowski - where religion performs its roles
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When the outcome is important but uncontrollable and uncertain
lagoon fishing compared to ocean fishing -
At times of a life crisis
events like birth, marriage, death and puberty creates disruptive change in social groups
Parsons value and meaning
Helping indivividuals deal with unforeseen events + uncontrolled outcomes
it creates + legitimises societies central values and primary source of meaning
What is civil religion Bellah
A brief system that attaches sacred qualities to society itself
Is faith in Americanism - ‘American way of life’
Criticisms of civil religion
It is a loose concept that can be interpreted differently
