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theories regarding education Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the meaning of consensus approach?

A

emphasised positive role of education, 2 main roles of education

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2
Q

what are the two main roles of education (functionalists)

A

secondary socialisation and preparation for paid employment

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3
Q

who holds a consensus approach?

A

functionalists, new right and post modernists.

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4
Q

what is the meaning of conflict approach?

A

negative role of education, reproduces inequality

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5
Q

who holds a conflict approach?

A

marxists, neo marxists and feminists

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6
Q

who is the founder of functionalism?

A

Emile Durkheim- french sociologists

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7
Q

what is the organic analogy?

A

society is a body and each institution is a separate organ each with its own function. work together to form a functioning society

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8
Q

what 3 things do functionalists believe is needed for a good society?

A

social solidarity, equilibrium and value consensus

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9
Q

what is social solidarity?

A

working together, unified group, part of something bigger.

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10
Q

what is value consensus?

A

shared agreement, mutual understanding, shared norms

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10
Q

what is equilibrium?

A

social balance and evenness

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11
Q

how is social solidarity shown in schools?

A

attachment to the school, friendship groups, uniform, clubs, assembly, positive subcultures

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12
Q

how is value consensus shown in schools?

A

school goals and ethos, if a pupil doesn’t conform they will be negatively labelled, similar experience

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13
Q

how is equilibrium shown in schools?

A

rules, form tutors, national curriculum and equal opportunities

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13
Q

what did Durkheim argue? (functionalists)

A

society needs social solidarity, value consensus and equilibrium, education helps with this by transmitting norms, beliefs and values.

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13
Q

how does school help integrate pupils more closely? (functionalists)

A

national curriculum- shared educational experience.
regulation of members- clubs forms sets classes year groups

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14
Q

what does education act as? (functionalists)

A

‘a vehicle that develops the human resources of a nation.’

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14
Q

what does parsons see school as?

A

a vital source of secondary education- a bridge between family and society

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15
Q

davis and moore (functionalists)

A

education as preparation for work, link to stratification system- mimicking the class system

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16
Q

evaluation of the functionalist view

A

schools do not always promote social solidarity, some people have no friends, equal opportunities do not exist- gender, class and ethnicity

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16
Q

myth of meritocracy

A

8 private schools- 1310 Oxbridge pupils
2900 state schools- 1220 Oxbridge pupils

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16
Q

what is the new right’s key belief?

A

if the state aids us a little we will become dependant on them for everything- the state should not provide services such as healthcare, education or welfare

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17
Q

wrong- interactionalist

A

claims functionalists view students as puppets- fail to recognise anti school sc and other forms of resistance

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18
Q

who’s ideas do the new right build on?

A

neo liberal economic ideals

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19
what does the new right promote in education?
competition and the 'free market'
19
what do the new right believe about the value of education?
the value of education lies in how well it allows the country to perform on the global market place- this can be achieved through making schools more business like and competitive
19
the new right has influenced all governments especially...
the conservatives since 1979- thatcher
20
what are two important roles for the state in education?
frame work of schools and education- national curriculum. ensuring a shared culture is transmitted- value consensus ect
21
in what was is new right view similar to the functionalist view of education
some are more talented than others favour meritocratic system education should prepare you for work push of british values
21
what is new vocationalism and why was it introduced?
reiliesd state had failed to produce pupils with values for the economy. range of vocational courses.
22
youth training scheme
YTS- provided skills for young unemployed school leavers, to make them more employable
23
marketisation (new right)
creates an education market, competition between schools, attracts 'customers' with their 'product'.
24
why did the new right push marketisation?
they believed private schools attained better results as they were answerable to paying customers.
25
examples of marketisation in education
league tables and websites. prospectus
26
what is parentocracy?
empowering parents into becoming consumers of education. greater power in education
27
what came before parentocracy?
power was held by LEA's
28
why was parentocracy introduced?
it was thought it would bring about more diversity and choice
29
criticisms of the new right theory on education
problems are not a result of state control but of lack of state funding.
30
what do ball and gerwitz argue about competition?
competition id more likely to benefit mc as they have more economic and cultural capital
31
marxist critique of new right view
education doesn't impose a shared culture, but the dominant one. devalues culture of wc- symbolic violence
32
what do marxists critique?
industrial capitalism, money for money's sake
33
examples of consumerist companies
apple. microsoft. amazon. tesla
34
bourgeoisie
minority ruling class
35
prolateriat
majority working class, more workers than jobs- only possession is their skills
36
the bourgeoisie and proletariat are in an interdependent relationship
37
all of our knowledge about communism comes from capitalist sources
38
marx's utopian state is one of communism
39
media is controlled by capitalists
elon musk- twitter rupert murdoch- newspapers
40
7% of the population are at a private school
41
what do marxists believe the education system is based on?
based on class division and exploitation
42
what does Althusser believe?
2 key apparatus, repressive and ideological state apparatus
43
repressive state apparatus
physical force. police and army. maintain bourgeoisie rule
44
ideological state aparatus
controlling people's views beliefs, values and more. more relevant. unseen. propaganda
45
how is the ISA supported by the education system
reproduces and legitimises class inequality, false class conscience, myth of meritocracy
46
what do bowles and gintis believe
education perpetuates social relationships in economic life. eg relationships of domination and subordination. through the hidden curriculum
47
what is the hidden curriculum
unofficial learning- rules, attendance and behaviour
48
what is the correspondence principle
education aims to produce an obedient workforce- through mirroring the work place in education
49
examples of the correspondence principle
fragmentation of knowledge- taught differently depending on sets motivation by external awards over love of subject of job
50
marxists believe the education system is a 'giant myth making machine' as it promotes the myth of meritocracy
51
what do marxisists critique about the education system
individualises failure and blames poverty on the individual rather than the capitalist society stamping workers down
52
criticisms of marxism
education system is useful and can provide meritocracy can open doors and provide opportunities not all pupils are passive some pupils love learning
53
what is the basis of neo marxist theory
they believe that we are all social actors playing roles
54
how do neo marxists carry out research
small scale, in depth research and observation
55
willis
anti school subcultures, education props up capitalism, myth of meritocracy, resists the idea of pupils being passive
56
willis study
qualitive study of 12 WC boys in their last year of school- why wc kids get wc jobs
57
what is structural sociology
top down, marxist sociology, we are puppets of society
58
what is interpretive sociology
bottom up, we are society
59
what do all marxists accept
capitalism cannot function without a willingly exploited workforce
60
there are similarities between WC culture and the shop floor
61
wc boys typically reject educational success and label it as feminine
62
what do post modernists argue about marxism
it's outdated- they believe we have gone beyond modernism
63
what does post fordism require?
creativity, self supervision, self management and skill
64
what do postmodernists believe education reproduces
believe education reproduces diversity not inequality
65
when is postmodernism thought to be
70's to now
66
critique of post modernism
marxists say post fordism leads to lower than WC conditions and exploitation
67
what do postmodernists value
creativity and self sufficiency
68
how does the education system show postmodernist views
students have more rights and can challenge ideas- school council et
69
what do feminists believe about the education system
reproduces and legitemisis gender inequality
70
how does education support gender roles
through the hidden curriculum
71
archer et al
ideal female pupil- MC quiet hard working
72
GENDERED SUBJECT CHOICE
73
critique of feminist view of education
white WC boys are the lowest achievers
73
what do interactionalist focus on
the relationships and interactions of pupils and teachers and other pupils
73
key interactionalist beliefs
social class gap is widened through education
74
what do interactionalist look at
setting and streaming, labelling and self fulfilling prophecy
75
Wrong 1961
pupils dont passively accept what they are taught- anti school subcultures
76
criticisms of interactionalist theories
fails to recognise the institutions role in pupil identities

Sociology- education (3 decks)

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