theorists Flashcards
(35 cards)
What is the Cognitive-Developmental Theory and who proposed it?
Cognitive abilities develop as one matures physiologically; in stages
Proposed by Jean Piaget
Define Classical Conditioning.
Learning takes place when reflexive behavior comes under control of a novel stimulus
Introduced by Ivan Pavlov
Who is associated with the Classical Conditioning of Emotional Responses?
John Watson
What is Operant Conditioning?
Behavior is shaped by consequences (reward or punishment)
Developed by B.F. Skinner
What does Social Cognitive Theory emphasize?
Changes result from observation/modeling
Proposed by Albert Bandura
Who developed the Psychoanalytic Theory?
Sigmund Freud
What are the Stages of Psychosexual Development?
Behavior is influenced by different erogenous zones; under-indulgence or over-indulgence in any one zone can affect developed behavior
Introduced by Sigmund Freud
What are the Psychosocial Stages of Development?
Personality develops over the lifespan as a result of socio-emotional tasks
Developed by Erik Erikson
What is the Sociocultural Theory of Cognitive Development?
“Reciprocal Determinism” - child influences people/environment, and people/environment influences child’s development
Proposed by Lev Vygotsky
What is ‘scaffolding’ in the context of cognitive development?
Support provided to children in their learning process
Related to Lev Vygotsky’s theories
What does the Ecological Systems Theory state?
Child influences environment, environment influences child
Developed by Urie Bronfenbrenner
What was the Visual Cliff Experiment?
Infants will not walk off of a visual cliff (they have depth perception)
Conducted by Gibson & Walk
What are the two forms of adolescent egocentrism identified by Elkind?
- Imaginary audience
- Personal fable
What is the ‘5th’ Stage of Cognitive Developmental Theory?
“post-formal operations” - characterized by understanding that there is more than one right answer
Proposed by Labouvie-Vief
What does the Rule Assessment Approach focus on?
What aspects of a problem people focus on, and the rules they generate to solve them
Developed by Siegler
Who argued that play contributes to both social and cognitive development?
Sutton-Smith
What did Michael Cole argue about non-Western cultures?
They don’t reach the 4th stage (formal operations)
What does Transformational Grammar Theory explain?
People automatically “transform” sentences from their surface structure to their deep structure
Introduced by Noam Chomsky
Who is known as a racist eugenicist?
Sir Frances Galton
Who created the first test of intelligence?
Alfred Binet
Who revised the first test of intelligence and named it ‘The Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale’?
Lewis Terman
Who coined the term ‘IQ’?
Lewis Terman
Who coined the term ‘Deviation IQ score’?
David Wechsler
Who coined the term ‘EQ’?
Daniel Goleman
