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Sociology > Theorists on Education > Flashcards

Theorists on Education Flashcards

1
Q

Durkheim

A
  • Functionalist
  • Schools should promote meritocracy
  • Education leads to value consensus
  • The education system is where secondary socialisation takes place
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2
Q

Parsons

A
  • Functionalist
  • Education is the bridge between family & wider society
  • Meritocracy becomes a norm for students
  • Education teaches universalistic standards
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3
Q

Davis & Moore

A
  • Functionalist
  • Meritocracy facilitates role allocation
  • Education “sifts and sorts” people into their appropriate jobs based on likely future roles
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4
Q

Althausser

A
  • Marxist
  • Education is an ‘Ideological State Apparatus’
  • The education system teaches capitalist values by presenting them as common values
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5
Q

Bourdieu

A
  • Marxist
  • The education system tricks the working class into accepting their failure and limited social mobility are justified. (False class consciousness)
  • Culture capital: The education system values a culture of upper and middle class students
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6
Q

Bowles & Gintis

A
  • Marxist

- The ‘Correspondence’ Principle is achieved through the hidden curriculum

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7
Q

Willis

A
  • Neo-Marxist
  • Working class “lads” rebel in school as a coping mechanism for oppressive middle class institutions. (Having a laff)
  • “learning to labour” - Pupils are taught specialist skills to help for a life in the submissive workforce.
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8
Q

Giroux

A
  • Neo-Marxist
  • The curriculum/hidden curriculum is not always accepted (Criticism of Bowles & Gintis)
  • Rebellion/rejection of this system reproduces class inequalities
  • Functionalists and marxists exaggerate conformity
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9
Q

Halsey & Floud

A
  • Social Democrats
  • Education is not automatically meritocratic but has the potential to be
  • Comprehensives mean that middle-class students cannot gain an advantage by going to selective state schools
  • Some places in higher education can be reserved for working class students
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10
Q

Chubb & Moe

A
  • New Right
  • State education is unresponsive to students and parents needs leading to lower standards
  • Private education is more dynamic as there is a need to “please customers”
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11
Q

Criticisms of Durkheim

A
  • Ignorant of certain aspects of education

- Assumes too much - Socialisation is not evident in every pupil (Ignores other family types)

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12
Q

Criticisms of New Right

A
  • Competition creates stress on students

- The stress of school improvement affects schools

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13
Q

Criticisms of Functionalism

A
  • Meritocracy ignores how social divisions might affect achievement
  • Private schools are ignored. Social class impacts educational achievement
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14
Q

Whitty, Power & Sims

A
  • Students from Private Schools are more likely to get accepted into top universities with lower grades
  • Criticises Durkheim
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15
Q

False class consciousness

A

The education system tricks the working class into accepting their failure and limited social mobility are justified

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16
Q

Marxism

A
  • Inequalities in society are reproduced in capitalist societies
  • Working-class children are left behind and end up with menial jobs, while the wealthy have elite education or at least are at a cultural advantage
17
Q

Heaton & Lawson

A
  • Feminists

- The education system reproduces patriarchy through established norms through the hidden curriculum

18
Q

Criticisms of Feminism

A
  • Education is a female dominated sector

- Girls consistency out-perform boys in the system

19
Q

Criticisms of Conflict Theories

A
  • Everyone can technically achieve, no matter their starting point
  • Everyone has the same experience once at university
20
Q

Criticisms of Marxism

A
  • Focuses too much on class equality and not enough on gender or race
  • The correspondence principle is dated. Todays work requires teamwork (Brown)
  • Not all education is anti-critical thinking. (e.g. Sociology)
21
Q

Smith & Noble

A
  • “Barriers to Learning”
  • Low income leads to little room to learn and access resources
  • Marketisation of schools has led to higher house pricing near “good schools”.
22
Q

Washbrook & Waldfogel

A
  • “31% of the differences in scores of 5 year olds in vocab tests can be explained by material disadvantage (e.g. less books in the house/ not read to)
23
Q

Hirsh

A
  • High cost of uni means that some students can’t attend the most prestigious institutions
  • ‘Better off’ students have advantages:
    . Structured activities that builds confidence, life skills,
    cultural literacy
    . More space at home
24
Q

Criticisms of Feminism

A
  • Education is a female dominated sector

- Girls consistently out-perform boys in the system

25
Q

Sugarman

A
  • Instant gratification vs. delayed gratification
26
Q

Liberal Feminists

A
  • Introducing more opportunities for women will result in more equality
27
Q

Marxist Feminists

A
  • Women are exploited by capitalist societies - which are run by men
28
Q

Radical Feminists

A
  • Society is structured to oppress women, society needs immediate change
29
Q

Lockwood

A
  • Middle class is likely to believe in meritocracy whereas the working class believe its all down to luck
30
Q

Feinstein

A
  • Culture is more important than material
    . How often children are read to
    . Quality of childtime
    . Parents attitudes to the education system
31
Q

Bernstein

A
  • Marxist

- Restricted vs. elaborated codes

32
Q

Hargreaves

A
  • Interactionist

- Teachers label students based on personalities. Middle class behaviour is most likely to be ‘ideal’ for teachers

33
Q

Ball

A
  • Working class students are more likely to be in lower sets even
34
Q

Ideological State Apparatus

A

Institutions spread their bourgeois ideology so that the proletariat maintain power (false class consciousness)

35
Q

The ‘Correspondence’ Principle

A

Education prepares kids to take their place as part of a hard working, docile and obedient workforce

36
Q

“Barriers to Learning”

A

Isolation and stigmatizing, usually working-class kids, that can come from no access to uniforms, trips and equipment

37
Q

Hidden Curriculum

A

Values that are learnt but not intended to be taught. (e.g. Male hegemony in sports)

Sociology (5 decks)

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