Theory Flashcards
(27 cards)
1
Q
Measuring success with demographic factors?
A
- Mixed marriages
- No. of children atttending secular schools
- Index of dissimilarity over time
- Mapping residental distributions of diff ethnic/immigrant/national groups
2
Q
Measuring success with economic factors?
A
- Peace dividend
- Education outcomes
3
Q
Measuring success with social factors?
A
- Inequalities in health/life expectancy
- Level of hate crime incidents
4
Q
Measuring success with political factors?
A
- Political engagement
- Voting patterns
5
Q
What is a peace dividend?
A
- Economic boost following resolution of conflict
- Frees up fiscal resources that would be spent on military/security - now can improve QoL
- Rebuilding/reconstruction provides potential economic growth
- Safety + security = more FDI, previously hesitant
- Growth of tourism
6
Q
What’s political engagement?
A
- Measure of how involved people are with political system
- Turnout is higher when there is an issue to contest - implies some form of conflict
- Huge differences in voting patterns = dissimilarity and lack of assimilation
7
Q
What’s the rural urban continuum?
A
- Urban fringe - Belfast
- Commuter belt - Slough
- Accessible rural - Aylesbury
- Inaccessible rural - South Hams
8
Q
Urban fringe characteristics?
A
- Countryside lost to urban sprawl, lack of planning controls
- Younger migrants - jobs, uni, affordable housing
9
Q
Commuter belt characteristics?
A
- Good transport links
- Counter-urbanisation = dormitory towns
- Popular sites for new housing developments
10
Q
Accessible rural characteristics?
A
- Space, clean air, less crime, quiet
- Farmers sell land for houses
- Suburbanised villages
11
Q
Inaccessible rural characteristics?
A
- Climate + topography affects accessibility
- Retirees
- 2nd homes - rises house prices = displaces locals
- Mechanisation of agriculture = unemployment
- Tourism = seasonal work only
- RUM
12
Q
Positives of rural idylls?
(Causeway Coast)
A
- Beautiful rugged coastline
- AONB since 1989
- UNESCO World Heritage Site and National Nature Reserve
- Increasingly prosperous for some, still marginal agriculture etc
- Small active plantation towns (e.g. Bushmills)
- Peace, quiet, open space, less traffic/pollution
- Rustic architecture
- Strong community spirit (challenged by migration)
13
Q
Negatives of rural idyll
A
- Community services in decline
- Seasonal traffic/pollution from tourism
- Seasonal low paid employment
- Inflated property prices (second homes/air bnbs)
- Poor broadband/connectivity
- Agricultural smells
- Narrow economic base - limited opportunities
14
Q
Counter-urbanisation?
A
- When people move from urban areas to rural areas
15
Q
Re-urbanisation?
A
- Movement of people into urban areas
16
Q
Dumbbell market?
A
- Where rich people have revitalised areas by doing things up bu as a result, jobs are lost, so young people move away
17
Q
Place =
A
Location + meaning
Location = site, situation + connectivity
Meaning - subjective + personal
18
Q
What does it mean if a place is dynamic?
A
- Always changing - human and physical geographies + meanings attached to places change over time
19
Q
What makes the new suburbs of Aylesbury desirable?
A
- Creates job opportunities
- Fills in gaps of housing shortages
- Mixed community housing
- More colourful, varied housing types
- Car friendly design - driveways, garages, curved roads
- Mixed ethnicity
- Close proximity to schools - well planned
20
Q
What makes the new suburbs of Aylesbury undesirable?
A
- Fields/open spaces turning into housing
- Growth faster than infrastructure - not enough schools/medical services/shops/public transport
- New densely populated housing drives down prices
- Encouragement of overreliance on cars
- No purpose built religious buildings/food shops
- Incoherently bolted onto rest of Aylesbury
- Increased road pressure
- Irritating to existing residents of Aylesbury
21
Q
Who might have positive perceptions of suburbs?
A
- Families - less polluted, safer, schools, leisure facilities, high house prices less significant due to higher incomes in later life-cycle stages
- Employers + businesses - retail offices benefit from increased market BUT increasingly online work + shopping = less demand for town
22
Q
Who might have negative perceptions of suburbs?
A
- Existing residents - traffic congestion, pressure on services, loss of green space
- Immigrant groups - feel unwelcome, expensive
- Younger people - few facilities = dull, reliance on cars = isolation
23
Q
2 types of causes of segregation?
A
- Internal - by choice
- External - forced
24
Q
External causes of segregation examples?
A
- Cost/affordability
- Discrimination - discriminatory policing in Ferguson (85% of traffic stops were Black people in 2015)
25
Internal causes of segregation examples?
* Ethnic clustering
* Social networks
* Places of worship
* Facilities/amenities
* Language barriers
26
Cultural continuum?
* **Melting pot** - positive view of American culture as organic/hybrid
* **Pluralism** - EU nations tolerate equal rights for all migrants to practise their religious and cultural beliefs
* **'Citizenship' testing** - UK rules for migrants becoming stricter
* **Assimilation** - belief that minority traits should disappear as immigrants adopt host values
* **Internet censorship** - preventing citizens from learning about other global viewpoints e.g. China
* **Religious intolerance** - notably lower levels of religious freedom for minority groups e.g. Iran
* **Closed door to migration** - stopping any immigration altogether for fears of cultural dilution
27
Why do people perceive projects differently?
* Conflicting goals
* Contradictions - less deprivation but poor people cant afford to stay
* Some people displaced
