Theory Flashcards
(44 cards)
What are the aspects that individuals weigh up in neo-classical explanations?
1) costs of push factors
2) benefits of pull factors
What are the critiques of neo-classical explanations:
1) Economic differences are not sufficient to cause migration
2) no free market of workers
3) theory only addresses labour market, leaving out other migrants
Why does the new economics of labour migration diversify sources of income?
Unequal distribution causes migration
Distribution of income means few rich, lots of poor people
Good points of neo-classical explanations?
-Acknowledges role of:
info
-social contexts
-which migrants operate and remittances
Bad points of neo-classical explanations?
- based on evidence from rural Mexico focused on economic migration
- only addresses causes of migration
What is the dual market theory?
-demand for labour in low paid, low prestige jobs for HDC’s causes in-migration
2 labour types:
Primary labour - high paid, qual
Secondary labour - low paid, unstable
What is world systems theory?
The theory that capitalism, modernisation displaces workers through a surplus of labour, moving them to cities and into developed countries in poor jobs
What are the pros of world systems theory?
- Accounts for historical/colonial links
- Addresses how different global systems are interlinked
World systems bad points?
Too linear
Too global
-Cannot explain diversity in migrant flows
-migrants not autonomous
What is migrant network theory?
Strong social ties provide resources that facilitate migration
How is Bourdieu linked to migrant network theory?
Networks = contacts, authority etc = social capital
What 2 effects are there from migrant networks?
Multiplier effect- knowing a migrant increases likelihood of relatives/acquaintances
Independent effect -
Once networks established, they support migrant in push/pull factors
Good points of mig network theory?
- Micro/macro bridge
- includes non-economic variables
- explains why some communities migrate
- explains migration with different contexts
Bad points of mig network?
- Exclusion of outsiders
- Excess claims on group members
- restrictions on individual freedoms
- downward levels of norms
What did Blanc (1992) argue with transnational networks?
1) social process where migrants operate in cross geographic/political/cultural borders
2) ties media based
3) home/host country in one field
4) related to globalisation
5) qualitative approach
Why is transnational perspective good?
Blends both countries
Normalises migration
But:
Ignores cultural relativism
What is a braindrain? what is this related to in current affairs?
Where talented people leave a country
Brexit and European academics
Levitt (2007) argued that?
Migration is not a one-way process
Transnational migrants are embedded in multiple sites
Nation state divisions not longer apply
Explain world systems theory
The world systems of economic progression interrupt actors lives and they migrate
What was Ravenstein’s (1885) understanding of migration?
People go from areas of high to low density
What is Ravenstein’s (1855) approach?
Neo-classical approach
Name another critique of classical theories? other than being economically based
Bipolar - separates sending/receiving countries
Name a difference between mig net theory and transnationalism
Transnationalism -sending/receiving countries are connected
Mig network - relates to the network in the host country
When did mig network theory and transnationalism come about?
1990’s
