Theory

Question 1

Binet and Simon

Answer 1

Created the Binet-Simon Scale that has non-academic questions designed to have predictive validity for school success.

Binet proposed the concept of “mental age”

Question 2

Lewis Terman

Answer 2

Instrumental in the creation of the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Test

IQ = (mental age/chronological age) * 100

Question 3

Spearman Two-Factor Theory

Answer 3

“G” factor: one overall estimate of general intelligence

g: general ability construct
s: Specific abilities that are not measured on an IQ test

Question 4

Cattel-Horn’s Two Factor Theory

Answer 4

Distinguishes gf from gc

gf: Fluid intelligence -> quantitative reasoning, processing ability, adaptability to new environments
gc: Crystallized intelligence -> factual knowledge about the world

Question 5

Sternberg’s Triarchic Theory: Computational

Answer 5

(analytical) - acquire knowledge and solve problems effectively

Question 6

Sternberg’s Triarchic Theory: Contextual

Answer 6

(Practical) - Solve problems by searching for real-life information

Question 7

Sternberg’s Triarchic Theory: Experiential

Answer 7

(Creative) - Adapt creatively in new situations

Question 8

Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences

Answer 8

Linguistic
Logical-Mathematical
Spatial
Musical
Body-kinesthetic 
Interpersonal
Intrapersonal
Naturalistic

Question 9

Cattel-Horn-Carrol (CHC) Theory

Answer 9

Most widely cited theory of intelligence today
G is made up of:

Fluid intelligence - Sequential reasoning; induction; quantitative reasoning

Crystalized Intelligence - Printed language; language comp; vocab

General Memory and Learning - Memory span, associative memory

Broad Visual Perception - Visualization; spatial relations

Broad Auditory Perception - Speech sound discrimination; general sound discrimination

Broad Retrieval Ability - Creatively ideational fluency; naming facility

Broad Cognitive Speediness - Rate of test taking; numerical facility

Processing Speed - Simple reaction time; choice reaction time; semantic processing speed

Question 10

Flynn Effect

Answer 10

Each generation scores higher on an IQ test than the generation before it. Implies that tests should be updated regularly

Question 11

Larry P v. Riles (1979)

Answer 11

Court case prohibiting the administration of standardized IQ tests to African American children for the purpose of placing them in classes for the educable mentally retarded

Found that IQ tests were culturally biased against African Americans

Question 12

Stereotype Threat

Answer 12

Being at risk of confirming as a self-crharactersitc, a negative stereotype about one’s social group