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Computer Science > Theory - Networks > Flashcards

Theory - Networks Flashcards

1
Q

Ethernet

A

SET of protocols for wired networks

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2
Q

A structure that organises communication protocols into layers

A

TCP/IP Model

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3
Q

Protocol

A

An agreed standard that defines how devices should communicate
Network protocols are the set of rules that govern how communication takes place between devices on a network.

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4
Q

way of altering data so that it can only be read by the intended recipient(s)

A

Encryption

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5
Q

Ensures that data is presented in a format that will be understood by the software that is using it

A

Application layer

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6
Q

Establishes connection when transferring data across the Internet by determining the communication protocols to be used

A

Transport layer

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7
Q

Determines the route that data will take and adds address fields to the data

A

Network layer

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8
Q

Handles how data will be represented on the physical layer

A

Link layer

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9
Q

A network that connects devices over a small geographic area

A

LAN

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10
Q

database that links domain names to their corresponding IP addresses

A

DNS server

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11
Q

A device used to send data between networks

A

Router

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12
Q

component needed for a device to be able to connect to a network

A

NIC (Network Interface Controller

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13
Q

A unique number used to identify a device on the Internet

A

IP address

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14
Q

A network that connects devices over a large geographical area

A

WAN

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15
Q

A computer that requests services from a server

A

Client

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16
Q

computer that handles data and processes for other devices on a network

A

Server

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17
Q

device used to make a wired connection on a network

A

Switch

18
Q

device used to connect wireless devices to a network

A

WAP
(Wireless Access Point)

19
Q

Application Layer protocols

A

IMAP - used to view your email mail servers, and also delete it from the server and to move it into folders
SMTP - Used to send emails between different mail servers
FTP - responsible for sending files between a client and a server
HTTP - Used for the transfer of HTML web pages across the Internet
HTTPS - Transfers HTML web pages, but with an additional security layer to encrypt the data being sent/received
POP - Used to transfer emails from a mail server to a device removing the email from the server

20
Q

Transport Layer protocols

A

UDP - messages are sent instead of packets - chunks - is often faster allowing for streaming or video calls.
TCP - Used for dividing data into packets and reassembling the packets at the destination / used for selecting a route

21
Q

Internet Layer protocols

A

IP - used to obtain the address of the device to which data is sent

22
Q

Link Layer

A

Ethernet protocols
Wi-Fi protocols

23
Q

Wired networks

A

Security measures like firewalls are easier to use as data passes through a central point.
Specialist network managers will be needed for large networks.
Connections are usually reliable and do not suffer any interference.
These networks are expensive to install and need specialist hardware
Speed of data transmission generally fast

24
Q

Wireless networks

A

Users can connect anywhere within range of a WAP
These networks are cheaper to set up as no cables are installed.
Easy to add additional devices using Bluetooth technology
Easier to intercept data packets during transmission

Connections can be obstructed by walls and other structural elements

25
Q

difference between a client and a server

A

server = computer that provides service to other devices on a network
client = computer that accesses services provided by other devices on a network

26
Q

3 hardware devices used to connect individual computers in a LAN

A

WAP (Wireless Access Point)
Switch
NIC (Network Interface Card)

27
Q

Why is it useful for the TCP/IP model to be divided into layers

A

allows for establishment of standards to which all developers conform

28
Q

reason for using copper cables instead of fibre-optic cables

A

Copper cables are cheaper than fibre-optic cables
More robust than fibre optic cables

29
Q

Fibre optic cables advantages and disadvantages

A

Advantages: fibre optic has higher bandwidth - meaning more data can be transferred per second
also less susceptible to interference because the signals not electric

Disadvantages: less robust than copper cables and can snap if bent too far
more expensive which increases the cost of setting up the network
partly because they require more careful handling

30
Q

why it is a good idea to split functionality into different layers

A

Layers only deal with 1 aspect of the process
so developers don’t need to consider the parts of the process that they are working on
Changes in 1 layer don’t affect other layers
so different protocols can be used at any level without requiring new protocols at other levels

31
Q

Set of protocols for wireless networks

A

WiFi (defines what frequency radio waves should be)

32
Q

Networks

A

Linked connections of computer systems
allow resources (software and storage and peripherals)and computing power) to be shared

33
Q

Network advantages and disadvantages

A

Users can share files with each other
Access files from any device on the same network
Peripherals can be shared

Subject to security issues allowing unauthorised access to users’ files and resources
Malware and viruses can be spread from computer to computer and may be difficult to identify and eradicate the issue
High amount of network traffic could cause it to run slowly

34
Q

LAN

A

Local area network
Wi-Fi router, Ethernet
Covers small geographical area, eg. A building

35
Q

WAN

A

Wide area network
Internet and global communication
Covers a large geographical aea

36
Q

PAN

A

Personal area network
Connects up to 7 devices at once in a short distance of each other and in close proximity of an individual.
Bluetooth

37
Q

Bus topology

A
38
Q

Star topology

A
39
Q

TCP/IP model order

A

Application layer
Transport layer
Network layer
Link layer layer

40
Q

Why do we subdivide frequencies into bands and channels

A

To reduce the effects of interference

41
Q

first three sections of a URL

A

Domain
Path
Protocol

Computer Science (12 decks)

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