theory terms (reader 2021-22)

Question 1

the difference between lax/tense vowels

Answer 1

phonemic duration

Question 2

Obstruent which starts as a plosive and ends like a fricatives

Answer 2

affricates

Question 3

a word which isolated pronunciation differs from their pronunciation in a longer utterance

Answer 3

gradation words

Question 4

type of voicing where no particular adjustments are made

Answer 4

normal voice

Question 5

type of voicing produced where part of the glottis is held open

Answer 5

breathy voice

Question 6

words which spelling is identical but pronunciation is different

Answer 6

homographs

Question 7

sound where the vocal cords are tightly shut, to form a complete closure

Answer 7

glottal stop

Question 8

the amount of speech produced on a single outgoing airstream

Answer 8

breath group

Question 9

shortening the voiced portion before a Fortis consonant

Answer 9

pre-Fortis clipping

Question 10

the tendency to weaken the diphthongal nature of RP /eɪ, aɪ, ɔɪ, əʊ, aʊ/

Answer 10

smoothing

Question 11

when a consonant adopts certain features of pronunciation from a neighbouring consonant

Answer 11

assimilation

Question 12

words that are spelled differently but pronounced the same

Answer 12

homophones

Question 13

the combination of a vowel + (l) + (nasal)

Answer 13

voiced portion

Question 14

when a rule is applied too broadly in a language

Answer 14

overgeneralisation

Question 15

sonorants formed by an airstream so weak, no friction is produced

Answer 15

approximants

Question 16

vowel which changes its quality

Answer 16

diphthong

Question 17

different pronunciations of a phoneme in different phonological contexts

Answer 17

allophones

Question 18

vowel which doesn’t change their quality

Answer 18

monophthong

Question 19

Sonorants formed by a nasal escape of the airstream

Answer 19

nasals

Question 20

type of voicing where the vocal cords are tensed (opening actions of vocal cords can be heard separately)

Answer 20

creaky voice

Question 21

variation in the frequency of vibration

Answer 21

pitch

Question 22

consonant sounds which are created by an obstruction of the airstream

Answer 22

obstruents

Question 23

standard accent spoken in England

Answer 23

RP
received pronunciation

Question 24

vowels produced by means of a tongue glide

Answer 24

diphthongs

Question 25

obstruents formed by a blockage which is suddenly released

Answer 25

plosives

Question 26

Consonant sounds which are pronounced with a relatively free escape of air

Answer 26

sonorants

Question 27

the tendency of RP /ɪə, eə, ʊə/ to convert to it’s first element

Answer 27

monophthonging

Question 28

obstruent formed by narrowing the vocal tract

Answer 28

fricatives

Question 29

single word form whose elements also exist as separate words

Answer 29

contraction