Theranostics

Question 1

what does theranostics encompas?

Answer 1

imaging:

• Ultrasound
• MRI
• Flourenscence

Therapy:

• Drug release
• Free radical formation
• Hyperthermia

Question 2

what is theranostics?

Answer 2

• it is a combination of therapy and diagnosis
• Theranostics uses specific biological pathways in the human body, to acquire diagnostic images and also to deliver a therapeutic dose of radiation to the patients

Question 3

How are nano structured metals formed?

Answer 3

• By reduction of metal salts

Question 4

Give examples of common metal nanoparticles used?

Answer 4

• Zinc
• gold
• silver
• copper

Question 5

extra small copper particles have strong electrocatalytic behaviour. TRUE OR False?

Answer 5

true

Question 6

what are gold nanoparticles also known as?

Answer 6

• Colloidal gold

- Nano gold

Question 7

when colloidal gold is suspended in a fluid, the resulting colour is not depedent upon the size of the nanoparticle. TRUE OR FALSE?

Answer 7

FALSE

Question 8

what colour are 2nm or smaller nanoparticles/

Answer 8

• Bright red

Question 9

what colour are nanoparticles when the size increases (50nm)?

Answer 9

• Violent

Question 10

gold nanoparticles can form different geometries including, rod, cubes and shells and spheres. TRUE OR FALSE?

Answer 10

TRUE

Question 11

Gold nanoshells are difficult to visualise with transmission electron miscroscopy. TRUE OR FALSE?

Answer 11

TRUE

Question 12

gold nanoparticles is used in manufacturing, nanotechnology and biomedical field. TRUE OR FALSE?

Answer 12

TRUE

Question 13

In the field of biomed what are nanoparticles used for?

Answer 13

• treatment of rheumatoid arthitis
• Potential treatment for alzhemiers
• Cancer treatment

Question 14

What are gold particles renowed for in the nanoshell structure?

Answer 14

• Chemical stability
• Biocompatibility
• Unqiue surface plasmon resonsace

Question 15

what does the surface plasmon resonace allow it to do?

Answer 15

allows the gold particles to absorb and scatter near to infrared light

Question 16

The effect of SPR absorbing light NIR wavelength causes an increase in temperature. TRUE OR FALSE?

Answer 16

TRUE

Question 17

Colloidal gold irradiated with NIR can act as nanoheaters resulting in hyperthermia causing tumour cells to be ablated. TRUE OR FALSE?

Answer 17

TRUE

Question 18

Nanoshells have been shown to be more effective as nanoheaters than nanoparticles. TRUE OR FALSE?

Answer 18

TRUE

Question 19

Gold shells can be easily surface functionalised via chemical modification using polymers or targeting thiol groups. TRUE OR FALSE?

Answer 19

TRUE

Question 20

What are magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles used for?

Answer 20

• Detecting cellular level
• MRI
• Gene therapy
• Targeted therapy

Question 21

What is the biological application of particular systems depedent upon?

Answer 21

• Biocompatibility

- Stability

Question 22

Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles aggregrate easily due ot theur magnetic properties. TRUE OR FALSE?

Answer 22

TRUE

Question 23

How are can issues of aggregation resolved with magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles?

Answer 23

• Surface engineering by coating with polymers or silica

Question 24

There is an increase in safety concerns of using magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. TRUE OR FALSE?

Answer 24

TRUE

Question 25

What is feridex?

Answer 25

- It is a dextran coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle clinically adminsitered for MRI images

Question 26

Feridex has been withdrawn due to safety concerns. TRUE OR FALSE?

Answer 26

TRUE

Question 27

In depth understanding of cellular state in response to nanoparticle exposure is utmost importance for using metallic nanostrutures in patients. TRUE OR FALSE?

Answer 27

TRUE

Question 28

Platinum exhibits antitumoral effects. TRUE OR FALSE?

Answer 28

TRUE

Question 29

What is the application of iron platinum nanoparticles?

Answer 29

- Used as antitumoral therapeutics | - Used in MRI imaging

Question 30

What are quantum dots and what are they used for?

Answer 30

- Luminescent nanoparticulates | - Used for tissue imaging, cellular labelling

Question 31

what are some properties of quantum dots?

Answer 31

- High brightness - small size - versitile surface chemistry - Sensitivity to the environment

Question 32

Hybrid nanoparticles detect cellular level. TRUE OR FLASE?

Answer 32

TRUE

Question 33

What are hybdrid nanoparticles used for?

Answer 33

- MRI - Targeted and gene therapy - Cell sorting - Biological detection - Drug delivery

Question 34

what are the advantages of magnetic nanoparticles?

Answer 34

- Biocompatible - Chemically stable - SPR which results in heating effect

Question 35

Hybrid nanoparticles can be used for treatment of pancreatic cancer. TRUE OR FALSE?

Answer 35

TRUE

Question 36

Describe the three different ways hybrid nanoparticles can be used to treat pancreatic cancer?

Answer 36

Type 1: - Exploits nanoheaters (hyeprthermia) Type 2: - Targets molecules via thermosensitive linkers (uses water soluble drugs) Type 3: - Incorporates other drug carriers e.g amphiphilic polymers e.g dendrimers - uses insoluble drugs

Question 37

What is the only pancreatic cancer chemotherapy drug available?

Answer 37

- Gemicibine

Question 38

Gemicibine has poor drug penetration. TRUE OR FLASE?

Answer 38

TRUE

Question 39

What is Bis-naphthalamides used for?

Answer 39

- Chemotherapy agent | - DNA targeted anticancer drug which results in tumour retardation

Question 40

what is magnetomicelles or magnetosomes?

Answer 40

- The inclusion of magnetic nanoparticles into liposomes to confer imagaing capabilities

Question 41

The incorporation of HNPs into intrinsic polymer structure allows for image guidance. TRUE OR FALSE?

Answer 41

TRUE

Question 42

The combination of inorganic nanoparticles and drug molecules form theranostics. TRUE OR FALSE?

Answer 42

TRUE

Question 43

Incorporation of inorganic nanoparticles into larger macromolecular systems confers added imaging capabilities forming theranostics. TRUE OR FALSE?

Answer 43

TRUE