Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

NPTE-Musculoskeletal (Josh) > TherEx > Flashcards

TherEx Flashcards

(66 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

ROM

what is it

A

Mobility avail @ single jt

affected by structure of jt OR connect tissue ext. surrounding jt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Gen CONTRAINDICATIONS to ROM

A
  1. If motion is detrimental to healing (ex. post-op) BUT early, controlled motion w/in pain free range shown beneficial in early stage healing
  2. Incd pain or inflamm==ROM too aggressive
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

ROM intervention

PROM

ex. pulleys

A
  • NO mm activation
  • only performed w/in avail end-range (beyond=stretching)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

ROM intervention

PROM

Indications:

A
  • pt unable to move jt (paralyzed, coma)
  • cog impaired
  • AROM contraindicated (post-op)
  • AROM painful
  • prepping jt for stretch
  • Teaching active mvmt
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

ROM intervention

PROM

Bennies:

A
  • INC mobility connect. tissue & mm’s
  • prevent contractures
  • INC circulation
  • INC synovial fluid==cart. health
  • DEC pain
  • INC awareness of mvmt
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

ROM intervention

AAROM

A

mm contraction w/ assist
ex. dowel OH shoulder flex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

ROM intervention

AAROM

Indications

A
  • Pt unable to FULLY contract mm (paresis, pain)
  • Full AROM contraindicated (post-op)
  • prior to AROM
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

ROM intervention

AAROM

Bennies

SAME AS PROM +

A
  • INC mobility connect. tissue & mm’s
  • prevent contractures
  • INC circulation
  • INC synovial fluid==cart. health
  • DEC pain
  • INC awareness of mvmt
  • **INC NMSK ACTIVITY
  • INC PROPRIO/KINESTHSIA**
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

ROM INTERVENTION

AROM

A

ACTIVE mm contraction

ex. standing knee flex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

ROM intervention

AROM

Indications

A
  • able to contract, but weak (3/5)
  • ## PRIOR to resistance to teach mvmt
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

ROM intervention

AROM

Bennies

SAME AS PROM/AAROM +

A
  • INC mobility connect. tissue & mm’s
  • prevent contractures
  • INC circulation
  • INC synovial fluid==cart. health
  • DEC pain
  • INC awareness of mvmt
  • **INC NMSK ACTIVITY
  • INC PROPRIO/KINESTHSIA**
  • INC strength in weak mms
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Stretching

A

INC Jt ROM and MM flexibility

inc extensibility of musculotendinous unit and connective tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Stretching

Indications

A

DECd Jt ROM OR DEC mm flexibility

2 diff things!!!!!!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Stretching

CONTRAINDICATIONS (LOTS)

A
  • Acute inflam
  • during tissue healing (post-op tendon repair)
  • ROM limtd bc bone-bone contact
  • recent fx
  • hypERmob
  • hypOmob that allows for more improved function (ex. Tenodesis)
  • Acute pain w/ stretch
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Stretching Principles

Elasticity

A

tissue returns to PREV length AFTER stretch released

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Stretching principles

ViscoElasticity

*Time dependent

A

Time dep
- initial resistance to stretch BUT elongates AFTER stretch HELD
- eventually returns to prev length

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Stretching principles

Plasticity

A

Tissue elongates even **after stretch released **

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

stretching principles

Stress-Strain Curve

Think INC stress==INC strain

3 Regions: Toe, Elastic, Plastic

A

Amt force (stress) applied & Amt deformation (strain) experienced

see pic in notes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

3 Regions to Stress-Strain Curve: Toe, Elastic, Plastic

Toe Region

A

Initial stress== wavy collagen fibers straighten and align

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

3 Regions to Stress-Strain Curve: Toe, Elastic, Plastic

Elastic region

A

INC stress== INC deformation, though tissue returns to ORIG length if stretch not maintained
tissues w/ greater stiffness have steeper slope here

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

3 Regions to Stress-Strain Curve: Toe, Elastic, Plastic

Plastic region

A

ADDITION of more stress== permanent deformation even after stretch no longer applied
*test-retest applies here

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Stretching principles

Creep

*the BASIS for stretching!!!

A

Due to viscoelastic properties– soft tissue stretch for sustained duration will elongate and NOT return to orig length after load removed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Stretching principles

Stress-Relaxation

A
  • Longer the force maintained== more tension DECs
  • Less force reqd to maintain same tissue length==INCd flexibility (can get to that “range” easier!!)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Methods of stretching:

Static

hold stretch prolonged pd

ex. doorway

A
  • LOW int, LONG duration
  • safest, greatest gains
  • LESS mm spindle activation (less resistance to stretch)
  • 30s is KEY
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
# Methods of stretching Ballistic | Bouncing
- quick, jerky--rapid changes in mm length (back and forth) - HIGH int, SHORT duration - better for warm-ups - INCd mm soreness and injury due to intensity | bouncing mvmts bw elongating/shortening mm's
26
# Methods of stretching PNF | Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation
- autogenic vs reciprocal inhibition (see neuro notes) - ACTIVE mm contraction + stretch - more effective for ROM limits due to mm spasm vs tightness - reqs ACTIVE mm contract (NOT for spasticity, paralysis) - Incd pt tolerance to stretch | Contract-relax, Agonist-contract, Contract-relax w/ agonist-contract
27
# Methods of stretching Dynamic | Active mm segment to end range but NOT beyond--Antag relaxes/stretches
Mostly used for "warm-ups" "explosive mvmts" | Dynamic is "movement based"
28
# Resistance Training Sarcomeres and what is located IN sarcomeres | SMALLEST UNIT
- Smallest unit of a muscle **gives it its ability to contract** - Myofilaments: Actin & Myosin--> Attach and slide together (**contract)** and apart (**relax)** -
29
# Resistance training a Muscle is broke down into _ and _ that surround it
Mm fibers + connective tissue that surrounds it
30
3 Layers of the mm fiber | Inner-->Outer
1. Endomysium: covers fibers 2. Perimysium: groups the **bundles** of mm fibers (Fasciculus) together 3. Epimysium: surrounds entire mm
31
Breakdown from mm fibers--> _ --> _
Mm fibers--> myofibrils--> sarcomeres (myofilaments)
32
# Resistance Training Isometrics
- NO change in mm length - Usually against immov. obj - SUBmax isos trad. used in PT -
33
# Resistance Training Iso**T**onics | Constant **T**ension/Load
- Constant **T**ension/load - Against resistance - 2 types: Concentric (shortening) vs Eccentric (lengthening)
34
# Resistance Training Iso**kinetic** | Constant **speed (kinetic)**
- Constant max **speed** w/ variable load - **Rxn force identical to force applied to equipment--constant speed**
35
# Parameters of resistance training Intensity | think LOAD/Wt
- Amt of wt.--det's # of reps youll do - Can be 1RM % - Depends on GOALS (strength, endurance, power)---other slide -
36
# Parameters of resistance training Intensity and GOALS | Strength vs Endurance vs. Power
- Strength== LOW rep (6-12) w/ HIGH int load (wt) - Endurance== HIGH rep (20+) w/ LOW int load (wt) - Power== LOW rep (1-3) w/ HIGH int load (wt)
37
# Parameters of resistance training Volume | Think Wt x Reps ## Footnote ex. 100lb squat 10sets of 10reps ==100x100= 10,000lbs total volume!
- Total WORK - # reps **inversely related** to intensity (wt) Ex. heavy wt=less reps - 2-4 sets is common BUT #reps depends on goals
38
# Parameters of resistance training Frequency | Think #x/week
- Depends on intensity, volume, fitness lvl - MORE intense=LESS freq (2-3x/week), or if pt has low fitness lvl - **Pts in rehab programs==several times/day @ low intensities**
39
# Parameters of resistance training Exercise Sequence | Think Programming ## Footnote In General....but DEPENDS!
- Lg mm groups BEFORE Sm mm groups - Multijoint before Single joint ex's - HIGH int before LOW int - *Can disregard if pts goals conflict w/ this*
40
# Parameters of resistance training Rest Interval | Use your common sense...
- High intensity== longer rest (3+ mins) - Low intensity== shorter rest (1-2mins) - LOW fitness lvl== Longer rest durations -
41
# Parameters of resistance training Open Chain Ex | Give an example
- Distal segment moves freely in space | Ex. kick ball
42
# Parameters of resistance training Close Chain Ex | Give an Ex.
- Body moves over FIXED distal segment | Ex. squats, push-ups
43
# Resistance training programs DeLorme (goes UP) vs **O**xford (goes D**O**WN)
- DeLorme: 10 reps @ 50%10RM, 75%10RM, 100%10RM - **O**xford: 10 reps @ 100%10RM, 75%10RM, 50%10RM
44
# Principles of Resistance Training Overload | think "overloading" mm
- In order for mm to adapt/become stronger--> load must be > than what normally accustomed to - | Manipulate volume (reps, sets), intensity (load) to do this!
45
# Principles of Resistance Training SAID | Specific Adaptation to Imposed Demands ## Footnote Exactly what it sounds like
- Body adapts to **specific type of training** - In order to improve function--> training **type ** should mirror **specifically desired goal** | Ex. want power? Train/focus on power!!
46
# Principles of Resistance Training Transfer of Training | Think "carry-over"
- Carry over effect from one type of exercise to another - Ex. Ex's to improve mm strength may improve mm endurance | effects w/ this LESS beneficial vs **Specific training (SAID)**
47
# Principles of Resistance Training Reversibility* | NEVER FORGET THIS ONE
- Adaptations seen w/ resistance training are **REVERSIBLE** IF body is **not regularly challenged w/ SAME lvl of resistance or greater** | Can begin 1-2wks after stopping exercise program***
48
# Principles of Resistance Training Length-Tension Relationship | Exactly what it sounds like
- Ability of mm to produce force depends on **length of mm** - MAX force near **resting length** | Too lengthened or Too shortened== Weak/Less force production
49
# Principles of Resistance Training Force-Velocity Relationship | Conc vs Ecc
- **Speed** of mm contraction affects **force** mm can produce - **Concentric**--> as Speed INCs, Force DECs - **Eccentric**--> as Speed INCs, Force INCs
50
# Resistance Training Terms: Endurance | Think over prolonged time
- Ability to contract repeatedly against LIGHT ext. load & resist fatigue over prolonged pd | Type I fibers (slow-twitch)
51
# Resistance Training Terms: Moment Arm | MA
- Linear distance from AOR to site of external load (resistance)
52
# Resistance Training Terms: Power | think fast
- **Rate** @ which work is performed | Work/Time
53
# Resistance Training Terms: Strength | Think 1RM
- Greatest amt of force production w/in a mm during SINGLE contraction
54
# Resistance Training Terms: Torque | thinking rotation or twisting
- Ability of ext. load to produce **rotation** around axis | Magnititude of load (wt) x Moment Arm
55
# Resistance Training Terms: Work | Think wt and distance
Magnitude of load (wt) x Distance load moved (ROM) | Wt X ROM distance
56
# Adaptations Strength vs Endurance | STRENGTH
- Incd hypertrophy of mm fibers, Type IIB->IIA remodeling, Incd NMSK activity (incd motor units & firing rate, Dec/no change in capillary bed density, Decd mitochondrial density, Incd ATP, PC and other energy sources, Incd tensile strength tendons/ligs, Incd BMD, Incd LBM, Dec BF%
57
# Adaptations Strength vs Endurance | ENDURANCE
- Incd hypertrophy of mm fibers, INCd capillary bed density, INCd mitochondrial density, Incd ATP, PC and other energy sources, Incd tensile strength tendons/ligs, Incd BMD, Dec BF%
58
3 Common Cond's associated w/ Resistance Training
1. Mm fatigue 2. DOMS 3. Valsalva maneuver
59
# Cond's associated w/ resistance training 1. Mm fatigue | Gen Facts
- dec ability to produce force aginst load w/ incd reps - Reversible (strength improves after rest) - Depends on fiber type (Type I vs Type II)- other slide - DO NOT WORK UP TO EXCESS. FATIGUE! --other slide
60
# Cond's associated w/ resistance training MM Fatigue | Fatigue depends on MM fiber TYPE... explain
- Type I (slow twitch)--> LOW lvls of force over prolonged pd==resistant to fatigue (endurance) - Type II (fast-twitch)--> Lg amt force short duration==prone to fatiuge (power)
61
# Cond's associated w/ resistance training MM fatigue | DO NOT WORK UP TO EXCESS FATIGUE! S/S:
- Pain/cramp, tremor, slow/jerky mvmts, unable to complete full mvmt patterns, substitution (compensatory) patterns - Either DEC LOAD or allow rest break, **otherwise INC risk of injury**
62
# Cond's associated w/ resistance training MM Fatigue | Ex's of Pts/Dx's where mm fatigue UNpredictable
- NMSK disorders: Myasthenia gravis, MS-- fatigue more quickly--**pushing to fatigue WORSENS sx's** - CV/Pulm Dis: Fatigue quicker/need longer recovery pds
63
# Cond's associated w/ resistance training DOMS | Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness
- microtrauma to mm & connect. tissue - HIGH int, ECC. strengthening OR just started resistance program - Peaks @ 2d
64
DOMS | How to MINIMIZE effects
- SLOWLY inc intensity of new program - **Only CONC/ISO's significantly reduces DOMS**
65
DOMS | Characteristics?
- tenderness to palp @ mm belly or muscle-tendon junction - soreness w/ passive stretch or active contract of mm - decd ROM and strength - **soreness diminishes ea training session as mm adapts to high lvls of stress**
66
# Cond's associated w/ resistance training Valsalva maneuver | think "bracing core"
- INCd intraabdom/thoracic pressure during anaerobic mvmt (stabilizes spine) - UNdesireable effects produced by valsalva!--- AVOID w/ all pts, ESP CV diseases (HTN, CAD, CVA), IVD patho, recent eye sx - **teach breathing mechanics--ex. Exhale on Exertion**

NPTE-Musculoskeletal (Josh) (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions