Identify this device:
CIDR
Controlled Internal Drug Release
An agent that causes the uterus to contract is called a(n):
ecbolic
Identify this piece of equipment:
Detorsion rod
Identify this piece of equipment:
Krey hook
What is the minimum acceptable semen morphology in a bull?
70%
What is the minimum acceptable semen motility in a bull?
30%
Under the bull BSE guidelines, to be a satisfactory potential breeder, a bull must pass all four parts of the examination. What are the four parts of the examination?
- Physical exam
- Min. scrotal circumference based on age
- Min. progressive motility of 30%
- Min. of 70% morphologically normal cells
The fetus is first palpable at ______ days gestation
55-65 days
What are the four cardinal signs of pregnancy?
- Fetal membrane slip
- Amniotic vesicle
- Placentomes
- Fetus
Must ID at least one positive sign of pregnancy
What is the earliest sign of pregnancy?
membrane slip
The primary releasing hormone of reproduction is:
GnRH
- Gonadotropin releasing hormone, produced by the hypothalamus.*
- Releases gonadotropins (FSH, LH, prolactin) from anterior pituitary*
The major luteolytic hormone is:
prostaglandin F2a (PGF2a)
Causes the corpus luteum to stop functioning
T/F: Progesterone induces luteolysis
False
T/F: Progesterone induces luteolysis
False
The key player in luteolysis is:
PGF2a
Generally uterine endometrium is the source of PGF2a in domestic animals
What is the posture of this calf?
- Anterior, longitudinal
- Dorsosacral
- Front limbs extended, head retained
front limbs extended, head retained
Identify this piece of equipment:
head snare
The left limb of this calf is retained at the:
carpus
Does this image show proper chain placement?
Yes
You want to make sure you place a loop above and a halfhitch below the fetlock joint. The connecting chain should be on the top of the leg
Are these chains placed correctly?
No.
You want to make sure you place a loop above and a halfhitch below the fetlock joint. The connecting chain should be on the top of the leg. (See image below)
The process by which the fetus is restored to a deliverable fashion is called:
mutation
What is the posture of this calf?
- Anterior, longitudinal
- Dorsosacral
- Front limbs extended, head retained
front limbs extended, head retained
Identify this piece of equipment:
head snare
The left limb of this calf is retained at the:
carpus
Does this image show proper chain placement?
Yes
You want to make sure you place a loop above and a halfhitch below the fetlock joint. The connecting chain should be on the top of the leg
Are these chains placed correctly?
No.
You want to make sure you place a loop above and a halfhitch below the fetlock joint. The connecting chain should be on the top of the leg. (See image below)
The process by which the fetus is restored to a deliverable fashion is called:
mutation
Describe the position of this calf:
dorsosacral
Remember, position refers to the anatomic relationship of the dorsum of fetus relative to maternal pelvis
Describe the presentation of this calf:
anterior
Remember, presentation refers to the relationship of the spinal axis of the fetus to that of the dam (the portion of the fetus that is entering the birth canal - coming out at you)
Ferguson’s reflex is when wedging of the fetus into the cervical canal stimulates __________ release
oxytocin
The main driver for the onset of puberty in mammals is:
ability of the hypothalamic neurons to produce sufficient GnRH
T/F: Lutalyse® only works during metestrus
False
- Lutalyse® only works during diestrus.*
- It works by lysing the CL. In metestrus (day 0-6), prostaglandin will have no effect. Diestrus (day 6-17) is the window when prostaglandin will have its effect because there is a CL.*
The time period after calving in which a cow is not bred is called:
voluntary waiting period (VWP)
Typically 45-65 days (60 days), so uterus can involute again and repair and go back to normal size. Length is determined by physiology, economics, producers.
Identify this instrument:
fetotome
What is the most common surgical approach for cesarean section in the cow?
Standing Flank
T/F: Vaginal and uterine prolapses are hereditary
FALSE
Vaginal prolapses are hereditary; not uterine prolapses
With regard to BVD, what is the primary source of viral spread?
Persistently infected (PI) calves
consistently shedding high numbers of virus particles
What drug(s) is/are given to induce abortion at 150-240 days of gestation?
corticosteroids and PGF
25 mg Dexamethasone & 25 mg Lutalyse®
- PGF acts to cause luteolysis (has no effect on placental P4 production)
- Corticosteroids reduce placental P4 production (no effect on CL)
T/F: During a normal estrous cycle, uterine tone will begin to decrease a few days before the onset of estrus
False
- During a normal estrous cycle, uterine tone will begin to increase a few days before the onset of estrus, becoming fully toned at estrus*
- Tone will then decrease as the cow enters the luteal phase of her cycle*
What is produced by this structure?
progesterone
- Physiologic effects of Progesterone
- Negative feedback on Hypothalamus: Reduces basal GnRH amplitude and frequency, Prevents behavioral estrus, and Stops preovulatory LH surge
- Negative feedback on Anterior pituitary
