Theriogenology Exam II (13-19) Flashcards
(342 cards)
1
Q
Identify the reproductive anatomy of the bitch.
A
2
Q
Identify the reproductive anatomy of the bitch.
A
3
Q
Identify the reproductive anatomy of the bitch.
A
4
Q
Identify the reproductive anatomy of the bitch.
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5
Q
Identify the reproductive anatomy of the bitch.
A
6
Q
Identify the reproductive anatomy of the bitch.
A
7
Q
Identify the reproductive anatomy of the bitch.
A
8
Q
Identify the reproductive anatomy of the bitch.
A
9
Q
Identify the reproductive anatomy of the bitch.
A
10
Q
Identify the reproductive anatomy of the bitch.
A
11
Q
The ovary of the bitch is often times surrounded by a significant amount of ____.
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12
Q
When will a bitch reach puberty? When is her maximum reproductive capability?
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13
Q
How does puberty affect a bitch’s heat cycle?
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14
Q
What are the general characteristics of the canine estrous cycle?
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15
Q
What are the different stages of the canine estrous cycle?
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16
Q
What is the average duration for proestrus and estrus in the bitch?
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17
Q
What is the time frame for each stage of the estrous cycle in the bitch?
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18
Q
What is an inter-estrus period?
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19
Q
What is the average duration of the canine reproductive cycle? How does breed and age impact this?
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20
Q
What is the minimum estrous cycle length in the canine?
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21
Q
What is the maximum estrous cycle length in the canine?
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22
Q
How can a cytology tell us the relative estrogen levels in the bitch’s reproduction cycle?
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23
Q
How can we use cornification of vaginal cells to determine the stage of the estrous cycle in the bitch?
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24
Q
To determine the stage of estrous that a bitch is in, you need to perform a ____, _____, and ____.
A
25
How do we collect a vaginal cytology in the bitch?
26
In general, how do we evaluate a vaginal cytology in the bitch?
27
Based on the color of the vaginal swab, predict the stage of the estrous cycle.
28
Identify the different cells that you may find on a canine vaginal cytology.
29
Identify the cell that you may find on a canine vaginal cytology.
30
Identify the cell that you may find on a canine vaginal cytology.
31
Identify the cell that you may find on a canine vaginal cytology.
32
Why physical changes are associated with proestrus in the bitch?
33
Why vaginal cytology changes are associated with proestrus in the bitch?
34
What vaginal speculum changes are associated with proestrus in the bitch?
35
What behavioral changes are associated with proestrus in the bitch? Differentiate between early and late proestrus.
36
What is the hormone profile of a bitch in proestrus?
37
Based on this picture, what stage of estrous is the bitch in?
38
Based on this picture, what stage of estrous is the bitch in?
39
Based on this picture, what stage of estrous is the bitch in?
40
What cells will you find on the vaginal cytology of a bitch in proestrus?
41
Identify the stage of estrous based on the vaginal cytology of the bitch.
42
Identify the stage of estrous based on the vaginal cytology of the bitch.
43
What physical changes would you expect to see in a bitch during estrus?
44
What vaginal cytology changes would you expect to see in a bitch during estrus?
45
What vaginal speculum changes would you expect to see in a bitch during estrus?
46
What behavioral changes would you expect to see in a bitch during estrus?
47
What are the three sexual responses that we may see in the bitch? When would we expect to see them (what stage)?
48
Describe the hormone profile of a bitch in estrus.
49
Describe the progesterone rise that occurs in the bitch in estrus.
50
You see this during your vaginal speculum exam. What stage of estrous is the bitch in?
51
You see this during your vaginal speculum exam. What stage of estrous is the bitch in?
52
What kind of cells would you expect to see in a vaginal cytology of a bitch in estrus?
53
Identify the stage of estrous based on the vaginal cytology.
54
Identify the stage of estrous based on the vaginal cytology.
55
Identify the stage of estrus based on the vaginal cytology.
56
Identify the stage of estrus based on the vaginal cytology.
57
Diestrus in the bitch begins with ____ and is ____ dominated.
58
What vaginal cytology changes would you expect to see in a bitch in diestrus?
Abrupt change to non-cornified cells, influx of neutrophils
59
What vaginal speculum changes would you expect to see in a bitch in diestrus?
60
How long dos diestrus last in the bitch?
Generally about 60 days (ranges from 45-90)
61
What physical/behavioral changes will you notice in the bitch in diestrus?
62
Based on the vaginal cytology, what stage of estrous is this bitch in?
63
Identify the cells and the estrous stage based on this vaginal cytology.
64
Based on the vaginal cytology, what stage of estrous is this bitch in?
65
Based on the vaginal cytology, what stage of estrous is this bitch in?
66
Describe the cessation of diestrus in the bitch.
67
Describe the behavioral, physical, vaginal cytology, vaginal speculum, and hormone profile changes you would expect to see in a bitch in anestrus.
68
Based on the vaginal cytology, what stage of estrous is this bitch in?
69
Before we even attempt breeding management in the canine, what should we first identify?
70
Describe the timeline and hormone profile consistent with ovulation in the canine.
71
How can we measure progesterone (P4) in the canine? What is the clinical significance?
72
What is the 2-2-2 rule for breeding the bitch?
73
How do we confirm ovulation in the canine?
74
____ is one of the most common mistakes in canine breeding management and results in ____, ____, and ____.
75
When it it appropriate to breed the canine once we have confirmed ovulation? How does this change for cooled versus frozen semen?
76
As an alternative to AI breeding, how can we manage natural cover in the canine?
77
Describe the use of LH assays in canine breeding management. What is the disadvantage?
78
You should always confirm your numbers (during canine breeding management ) by _____.
79
What is the length of gestation in the canine?
80
What criteria must be met for a male dog to be considered fertile?
81
This is an example of ______.
82
Differentiate between an inside tie and outside tie.
83
Is this a normal erection in the canine?
84
Is this a normal erection in the canine?
85
In addition to a general breeding soundness examination in the dog, we also perform a ___ and test for ___.
86
How do we measure the size of the scrotum in the canine?
87
In addition to measuring the scrotal width in the canine, we should also assess for ____.
88
What are the 3 different ways we collect semen in the dog?
89
How do we perform manual collection of semen in the canine?
90
What are the 3 fractions of sperm? Which one are we trying to collect in the canine?
91
What drugs can we use to enhance ejaculation in the canine?
92
How do we determine semen concentration in the canine?
93
How do we assess semen motility in the canine? What is normal?
94
How do we assess semen morphology in the canine? What is normal?
95
What is the longevity/viability of fresh semen, fresh/cooled semen, and frozen semen?
96
Describe the general process of AI in the bitch.
97
Describe the use of cooled semen for AI in the bitch.
98
Why do we freeze semen? Describe the general process.
99
Describe the use of frozen semen when performing AI in the bitch.
100
List some of the reasons why canine breeding is unsuccessful.
101
What is a vaginal stricture/band? How do we treat it?
102
What is superfecundation?
103
What is superfetation?
104
What is superfetation?
105
Describe the basic canine pre-breeding veterinary care/screening tests.
106
How can we use abdominal palpation to confirm canine pregnancy?
107
How can we use radiography to confirm canine pregnancy?
108
How can we use ultrasound to confirm canine pregnancy?
109
How can we use relaxin to confirm canine pregnancy?
110
How old was this canine pregnancy (range)?
111
Describe the use of ultrasound to assess the uterus.
112
Describe the use of ultrasound to assess the canine ovaries.
113
What is a normal fetal heart rate? What about if the pregnancy is near term?
114
What fetal heart rate is indicative of fetal stress?
115
How do we calculate the canine gestational age when it is less than 40 days?
116
How do we calculate the canine gestational age when it is greater than 40 days?
117
How can we support the canine during pregnancy?
118
What makes a good whelping/queening area?
119
What is the value of pre-whelping radiographs?
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121
What parameters can we use to help us predict canine whelping?
122
Describe the use of a whelpwise to predict canine parturition.
123
How do we use progesterone to predict the whelping date in a bitch?
124
Gestational length in the bitch is critical. How can we determine it based on LH peak, ovulation, breeding date, or onset of diestrus?
125
What are some possible causes of hemorrhagic or purulent vaginal discharge during pregnancy in the bitch?
126
What are the different antibiotics that are safe to use in the pregnancy bitch?
127
How to we confirm fetal wastage? What are the causes and treatment in the bitch?
128
What are the next steps you should perform after the bitch has an abortion?
129
How do we confirm and treat prolonged gestation in the bitch? What are some causes?
130
Describe the clinical presentation and diagnosis of uterine torsion in the pregnant bitch?
131
What happens in the canine’s body at the initiation of parturition?
132
Describe the first stage of parturition in the bitch.
133
Describe the second stage of parturition in the bitch.
134
Describe the significance of uteroverdin in the bitch during the second stage of parturition.
135
What is the normal PPP for puppies?
136
What are some clinical signs of dystocia in the dog?
137
What are some canine maternal factors that contribute to a dystocia?
138
What intervention is necessary in canine dystocias?
139
What are the indications for a c-section in the dog?
140
What are the general intervention guidelines to a c-section in the dog?
141
Describe the third stage of parturition in the dog.
142
What are the risks and guidelines to repeat c-sections in the canine?
143
Describe the normal involution in the bitch.
144
Describe the management of the bitch after parturition.
145
How do we care/support newborn puppies?
146
How do we manage/monitor neonate puppies as they grow?
147
What is metritis?
148
What are the causes of metritis in the dog?
149
What are the clinical signs of metritis in the dog?
150
When do we tend to see pyometras in the dog?
151
In the normal bitch, what is the role of estrogen?
152
In the normal bitch, what is the role of progesterone?
153
Describe the pathogenesis of cystic endometrial hyperplasia-pyometra complex in the dog.
154
Primary cystic endometrial hyperplasia with a secondary pyometra is common in the dog. If a pyometra is present, the most common organism is _____.
155
Describe the most common signalment for a patient with cystic endometrial hyperplasia pyometra complex.
156
Differentiate between an open and closed pyometra in the canine.
157
How do we diagnose pyometra in the dog?
158
What is the treatment of choice for CEH-pyometra complex in this dog?
159
Describe the medical therapy for CEH-pyometra complex in the dog.
160
What are some considerations we must recognize/think about prior to perusing medical therapy for canine pyometras?
161
Identify the pathology.
162
How do we avoid/manage pyometras in the breeding bitch?
163
Describe the incidence, clinical prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of uterine prolapses in the dog.
164
Describe the occurrence of vaginal prolapses in the dog.
165
Name and describe the different types of vaginal prolapses.
166
Identify the type of canine vaginal prolapse.
167
Identify the type of canine vaginal prolapse.
168
What is the treatment for canine vaginal prolapses?
169
What are our differentials for tissue protruding for the vulva in the canine?
170
What are some of the different perineal masses we may find in the bitch?
171
What are the clinical signs of mastitis in the dog?
172
How do we treat mastitis in the dog?
173
Describe the recurrence of mastitis in the dog.
174
Identify the pathology.
175
Identify the pathology.
176
What is galactorrhea? Describe the pathophysiology.
177
What are the clinical signs of canine pseudopregnancy?
178
How do we treat canine pseudopregnancy?
179
What are the different kinds of mammary neoplasias we see in the dog?
180
Describe the incidence and prevalence of mammary neoplasia in the dog.
181
Describe the most common signalment of a dog with mammary neoplasia.
182
Describe the most common clinical findings in a dog with mammary neoplasia.
183
What are the different lymph nodes that drain the mammary glans in the dog?
184
How do we diagnose and stage mammary neoplasia in the dog?
185
What is the treatment for mammary neoplasia in the dog?
186
What is the prognosis for mammary neoplasia in the dog?
187
What is canine eclampsia?
188
Describe the progressive clinical signs of canine eclampsia?
189
What is the treatment for hypocalcemia in the dog?
190
What is canine SIPS?
191
How do we diagnose canine SIPS?
192
What is the treatment for canine SIPS?
193
Canine SIPS is NOT related to ____ or ____.
194
What are some of the different ways we suppress estrus in the bitch?
195
Describe the use of progestogens to suppress estrus in the bitch.
196
Using progestogens to suppress estrus will predispose the patient to _____.
197
Describe the MOA, contraindication and guidelines to using mibolerone to suppress estrus in small animal patients.
198
What do we primarily use mibolerone for in the small animal patients?
199
Describe the use of testosterone enathate to suppress estrus in our small animal patients.
200
Describe the use of deslorelin to suppress estrus in our small animal patients.
201
What are the different kinds of progesterone we use to supplement pregnancy in our small animal patients?
202
What is the time frame for progesterone administration in our small animal patients to supplement their pregnancy?
203
Only ___% of dogs become pregnancy from one mating.
204
When it comes to pregnancy termination, prior to day 40 is considered ____, after day 40 is ____, and after day 55 ____.
205
What are our different options for pregnancy termination in our small animal patients?
206
What are our different options for pregnancy termination in our small animal patients?
207
Describe the use of “mismating shorts” to terminate pregnancy in the bitch. What is the MOA?
208
What are the different drugs we use for pregnancy termination in the bitch?
209
What are the side effects of estrogen toxicity?
210
Describe the use of prostaglandins F2a to terminate pregnancy in the bitch.
211
Describe the use of prolactin inhibitors to terminate pregnancy in the bitch.
212
Describe how we use prostaglandin f2a and prolactin inhibitors together to terminate a pregnancy.
213
Describe the use of glucocorticoids to terminate pregnancy in the bitch.
214
Describe the use of antiprogestins to terminate pregnancy in the bitch.
215
How do we induce estrus in the bitch?
216
What is canine pseudopregnanacy?
217
What are the treatment options for canine pseudopregnanacy?
218
What drugs do we use to cease unwanted uterine contractions in the dog?
219
What do we use domperidone for?
220
List some abnormalities and infectious diseases we see in the pregnant/post-partem bitches?
221
What is ovarian remnant syndrome?
222
How do we diagnose ovarian remnant syndrome?
223
How do we treat ovarian remnant syndrome?
224
Identify the abnormality.
225
What is the treatment for a recessed vulva in the bitch?
226
What is estrogen responsive urinary incontinence? How do we treat it?
227
Identify the abnormality.
228
What are some problems associated with a hooded vulva in the canine?
229
What is puppy vaginitis? How do we treat it?
230
What is adult onset vaginitis? What other diseases must be ruled out first?
231
Identify the abnormality.
232
What is the treatment for adult vaginitis?
233
What is the treatment for adult vaginitis?
234
What is the treatment for a hooded vulva?
235
How is Brucella canis transmitted? What are the clinical signs?
236
How do we prevent and treat canine brucellosis?
237
Epididymitis is more common than ____ with Brucella canis.
238
How do we definitively diagnose canine brucellosis?
239
Describe the use of culture to diagnose canine brucellosis.
240
Describe the use of RSAT to diagnose canine brucellosis. How do we interpret the results?
241
What is your plan if you have a patient that tests positive for canine brucellosis on a routine screen?
242
What is your plan if you have a patient that tests positive for canine brucellosis with clinical signs?
243
What is your plan if you have a patient that tests negative for canine brucellosis on a routine screen?
244
What is your plan if you have a patient that tests negative for canine brucellosis but has clinical signs?
245
How do we prevent canine brucellosis?
246
Describe mycoplasma infections in dogs. What are the clinical signs? How do we diagnose and treat it?
247
Why is canine herpesvirus such a significant reproductive disease?
248
Describe the critical timeframe associated with canine herpesvirus.
249
What are the clinical signs of canine herpesvirus?
250
How can we prevent exposure/spread of canine herpesvirus if it is already present in the kennel?
251
What is the appropriate time frame for testicular descent in the canine?
252
How do we diagnose cryptorchidism in the dog?
253
Describe testicular torsions in the canine.
254
What are the most common types of testicular tumors we find in the dog?
255
Describe the prevalence of tumors in the scrotal testis.
256
Describe the prevalence of tumors in retained testis.
257
What are some of the clinical signs of hyperrestrogenism?
258
Identify the abnormality.
259
List the different causes of azoospermia in the dog.
260
_____ progressively motile spermatozoa are required to insure good conception rates.
261
What are transmissible veneral tumors and how are they spread?
262
What is your diagnosis?
263
How do we differentiate TVTs from lymphomas or histiocytomas?
264
Describe a urethral prolapse as a disorder of the canine penis. What is the treatment?
265
Describe priapism as a disorder of the canine penis.
266
Describe the clinical presentation/signs of benign prostatic hyperplasia in the canine.
267
Describe the prevalence of BPH in the canine.
268
How do we diagnose canine BPH?
269
Describe acute bacterial prostatitis as a differentiate for canine BPH.
270
Describe chronic bacterial prostatitis as a differentiate for canine BPH.
271
Describe prostatic adenocarcinomas as a differentiate for canine BPH.
272
Describe prostatic and paraprostatic cysts as a differentiate for canine BPH.
273
____ can be seen with a number of canine prostatic diseases.
274
How do we diagnose canine prostate disease?
275
How do we treat canine prostate disease?
276
You find these cells on a cytology from a prostatic wash. What is your diagnosis?
277
You find these cells on a cytology from a prostatic wash. What is your diagnosis?
278
You find these cells on a cytology from a prostatic wash. What is your diagnosis?
279
Identify the pathology.
280
Describe the ultrasound characteristics of a prostate with BPH.
281
Describe the ultrasound characteristics of a prostate with acute prostatitis.
282
Describe the ultrasound characteristics of a prostate with chronic prostatitis.
283
Describe the ultrasound characteristics of a prostate with prostatic neoplasia.
284
Describe the ultrasound characteristics of a prostate with an abscess.
285
Describe the ultrasound characteristics of a prostate with paraprostatic cysts.
286
Describe the size, shape, echogenicity, and echotexture of a prostate with BPH.
287
Describe the size, shape, echogenicity, and echotexture of a prostate with prostatitis.
288
Describe the size, shape, echogenicity, and echotexture of a prostate with neoplasia.
289
Describe the size, shape, echogenicity, and echotexture of a prostate with an abscess.
290
Identify the pathology of this prostatic ultrasound.
291
Describe the medical treatment for BPH.
292
Describe normal sexual behavior post-castration.
293
What is the normal age for a cat to reach puberty? What does it depend on?
294
Describe the general characteristics of the feline reproductive cycle.
295
List and describe the different stages of the feline estrous cycle.
296
Describe the behavioral characteristics, vaginal cytology, and hormonal levels during proestrus in the queen.
297
Describe the normal characteristics and hormonal profile of a queen in estrus.
298
Describe the post-estrus period in the queen.
299
Describe diestrus in the queen.
300
Draw out the normal estrous cycle of the queen.
301
Describe anestrus in the queen.
302
What are the general guidelines to feline breeding management?
303
What should be included in the pre-breeding exam of the feline?
304
How long is feline gestation? What hormones and behavior predominates during gestation?
305
How do we diagnose pregnancy in the cat?
306
Identify the age of the pregnancy in this cat.
307
Identify the age of the pregnancy in this cat.
308
Describe the normal management/care of the pregnant queen.
309
List some infectious causes of pregnancy loss in the queen.
310
List some non-infectious causes of pregnancy loss in the queen.
311
Describe feline herpes virus as a viral cause of pregnancy loss in the queen.
312
Describe feline immunodeficiency virus as a viral cause of pregnancy loss in the queen.
313
Describe feline leukemia virus as a viral cause of pregnancy loss in the queen.
314
____ is the causative agent of fading puppies with ____ is the causative agent of fading kittens.
315
Describe feline infectious peritonitis as a viral cause of pregnancy loss in the queen.
316
Describe feline panleukopenia virus as a viral cause of pregnancy loss in the queen.
317
List some minor causes of pregnancy loss in the feline (bacterial and non-infectious).
318
Describe what happens during parturition in the queen.
319
The queen may come into estrus ____ post-partum.
320
Describe a retained placenta as a pathological condition that can occur in the post-partum queen.
321
Describe a uterine prolapse as a pathological condition that can occur in the post-partum queen.
322
Describe a metritis as a pathological condition that can occur in the post-partum queen.
323
Describe mastitis as a pathological condition that can occur in the post-partum queen.
324
List some ovarian causes of infertility in the queen.
325
List some uterine causes of infertility in the queen.
326
List some vaginal/vulvar causes of infertility in the queen.
327
List some mammary gland causes of infertility in the queen.
328
Describe ovarian cysts in the queen. How do we diagnose and treat them?
329
Describe ovarian remnant syndrome in the queen. How do we diagnose and treat them?
330
Describe ovarian neoplasia in the queen.
331
Describe feline CEH/pyometra complex. What are the clinical signs and treatment?
332
Describe feline mammary hypertrophy.
333
Describe the prevalence of mammary neoplasia in the cat.
334
What are the clinical signs, treatment and prognosis for a cat with mammary neoplasia?
335
Describe how the tom cat develops spines on his penis.
336
How do we collect ejavulate in the Tom? What are the minimum requirements?
337
Describe testicular hypoplasia as a cause of infertility in the tom.
338
Describe cryptorchidsm as a cause of infertility in the tom.
339
List some rare causes of infertility in the tom.
340
Describe failure to show sexual interest as a cause of infertility in the Tom.
341
Describe failure to breed successfully as a cause of infertility in the Tom.
342
Describe failure to impregnate the queen as a cause of infertility in the Tom.
