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Science 23-24 > Thermal Energy Vocab > Flashcards

Thermal Energy Vocab Flashcards

(71 cards)

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1
Q

heat definition

A

a flow of energy from warmer matter to cooler matter

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2
Q

matter definition

A

anything that takes up space and has mass

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3
Q

In what direction does heat always flow through particles? faster moving to slower moving, or slower moving particles to faster moving?

A

from faster-moving to slower-moving particles

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4
Q

As particles gain more energy do they move faster or slower?

A

they move faster

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5
Q

Are faster moving particles in matter described as getting warmer or colder?

A

warmer

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6
Q

As particles lose energy do they move faster or slower?

A

slower

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7
Q

As the particles in matter move more slowly, is the matter described as getting warmer or colder?

A

colder

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7
Q

thermal energy definition

A

the total energy of the particles that make up any matter

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8
Q

In what predictable ways does heat move?

A

flowing from warmer objects to cooler ones, until they both reach the same temperature

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9
Q

what temperature scale is the most commonly used in the U.S.?

A

Fahrenheit (F)

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10
Q

At what temperature does water freeze on the Fahrenheit scale?

A

32 degrees

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11
Q

At what temperature does water boil on the Fahrenheit scale?

A

212 degrees

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11
Q

What temperature scale is used in the rest of the world (outside of the U.S.)?

A

Celsius (C)

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11
Q

AT what temperature does water freeze on the Celsius scale?

A

0 degrees

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12
Q

At what temperature does water boil on the Celsius scale?

A

100 degrees

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12
Q

What is the Law of Conservation of Energy

A

Energy cannot be created or destroyed, but only changes from one form into another.

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12
Q

Can energy change from one form to another?

A

yes

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13
Q

When energy is changed from one form to another, is any energy always converted to heat?

A

yes, some energy is always converted to heat

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14
Q

Do all systems transform energy with the same amount of loss of heat?

A

No, some systems have less loss of heat than others

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15
Q

what are 7 different forms of energy? (ENMEST)
Everyone Needs MineCraft Enchanted Skelly Tools

A

Electrical Energy
Nuclear Energy
Mechanical Energy
Chemical Energy
Electromagnetic Energy
Sound Energy
Thermal Energy

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15
Q

What happens as particles of matter in a substance gain thermal energy?

A

they collide more often,
moving faster and traveling farther.

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16
Q

What does increased particle motion cause the substance to do?

A

take up more space, or expand.

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17
Q

expand definition

A

to take up more space; to get larger

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18
Q

What happens as particles of matter lose thermal energy?

A

They move slower and do not travel as far.

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19
What does decreased particle motion cause the substance to do?
contract
20
contract definition
to take up less space; to get smaller
21
When heated, in what order to these substances expand from most to least? solid, gas, liquid
gas the most liquid less than gas solids the least
22
Does water always expand when heated and contract when cooled?
No - it is an exception! Crazy water!!! Between 4 degrees C and 0 degrees C, water expands.
23
Why are expansion joints in roads and bridges important?
They allow for the expansion and contraction of concrete during the summer (expansion) and winter (contraction) months
24
What are the three ways matter can become heated?
conduction convection radiation
25
conduction definition
the flow of heat from one object to another by direct contact between the objects.
26
What is happening with particles when conduction occurs?
Conduction occurs when faster-moving particles in the warmer object strike slower- moving particles near them in a cooler object.
27
How do we use conduction to cook?
Thermal energy from the pan is transferred to the food.
28
Conductor definition
a substance through which energy travels easily
29
What are three examples of conductors?
metal, copper, aluminum
30
insulator definition
a substance that slows down the transfer of heat
31
5what are 4 examples of insulators?
glass, plastic, rubber, air and wood
32
How are insulators used in heat and clothing?
to keep heat from escaping
33
What do feathers and fur act as on animals?
insulators
34
convection definition
the flow of thermal energy that occurs when a warm liquid or gas moves from one place to another
35
When matter is heated does it expand or contract?
expand
36
In a liquid or a gas, why does the heated matter rise?
expanded matter is less dense than cooler matter, so it rises, carrying its energy with it. Denser, cooler matter sinks.
37
radiation definition
the transfer of energy from one place to another without the use of matter
38
Briefly describe Earth's energy budget.
To balance the amount of energy that comes in from the sun's solar energy, the Earth must put back out the same amount. If the Earth doesn't put back out enough of the energy the Earth will overheat.
39
What are the three states of matter?
liquid solid gas
40
definte volume definition
the amount of space the substance takes up does not change if the substance is moved to a different location or placed in a different container.
41
What characteristics does a solid have in regards to shape and volume?
Solids have a definite shape and volume. The shape and volume does not change if it is moved to a different location or container.
42
What characteristics does liquid have in regards to shape and volume?
Liquids do not have a definite shape, they take the shape of the container that they are in. and Liquid has definite volumes (the amount of space it takes up doesn't change even if the container changes).
43
What are the characteristics for gasses in regards to shape and volume?
Gases do not have a definite shape and do not have a definite volume.
44
Is the force of attraction the same in every state of matter?
No, it is different with each state.
45
In which state of matter is the force of attraction the strongest?
solid
46
in which state of matter is the force of attraction the weakest?
gas
47
What type of particle movement/force of attraction occurs in solids?
only vibration
48
What type of particle movement/force of attraction occurs in gas?
Particles move freely and in all directions
49
What is force of attraction?
the way particles will interact and move in different states of matter
50
What type of particle movement/force of attraction occurs in liquids?
A liquid has a force of attraction that is in between the solid and gaseous states. Liquid particles can move past one another and move around a little bit.
51
What happens when particles gain or lose enough energy?
they can change state
52
What is one naturally occuring substance on Earth that can occur in every state of matter?
water
53
What two factors impact the state of a substance?
its temperature and the amount of attraction between its particles.
54
melting point definition
the temperature at which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid state
55
in regards to particles, why does melting occur?
because particles gain heat
56
What happens to particles in a liquid when they lose energy?
They move more slowly. If they lose enough energy, they can slow enough to become a solid.
57
freezing point definition
the temperature at which a liquid changes to a solid
58
in pure substances, at what temperatures do freezing and melting occur?
the same temperature
59
boiling point definition
the temperature at which all of the particles in a liquid have sufficient energy to break free at the surface.
60
Do all substances have the same or different boiling points?
different substances have different boiling points
61
evaporation definition
the change of state from liquid to gas at the surface of a liquid
62
Where does evaporation occur?
occurs at the surface of the liquid
63
When does evaporation occur?
when some of the particles are moving fast enough to break free.
64
At what temperature can evaporation occur?
Evaporation can occur at any temperature because some of the particles at the surface of a liquid always will have sufficient energy to escape. However, evaporation takes place more quickly in hotter liquids.
65
condensation definition
the change of state from a gas to a liquid

Science 23-24 (2 decks)

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