Thermal Injuries Flashcards

(35 cards)

1
Q

2 major conditions that can bee seen in electrical burns

A

rhabdo and cadiac arrhythmias

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2
Q

clinical indications of inhalation injury

A
face/ neck burns
singing of eyebrows/ nasal vibrissae
carbon deposits in mouth/ nose 
acute inflammatory changes in oropharynx
hoarseness
impaired mentation/ confinement in burning buildings
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3
Q

Who requires fluid resuscitation with burns

A

> 20% total body surface area

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4
Q

what type solution is preferred in resuscitation

A

lactated Ringer’s

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5
Q

the palmar surface (including fingers) of the patient’s hand represents approx. ___ percent of the patient’s body surface

A

one percent

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6
Q

burn with erythema, pain and no blisters. epidermis remains intact

A

first degree burn

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7
Q

are first degree burns included in estimate of burn size

A

no

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8
Q

burn that is dark and leathery, painless and dry. May be red and doesn’t blanch w/ pressure.

A

full thickness burn

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9
Q

red or mottled burn with swelling and blisters. may be weeping or wet looking

A

partial- thickness burns

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10
Q

patients with CO levels

A

20

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11
Q

when should you assume CO exposure with a burn

A

when it happens in an enclosed area

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12
Q

what is the half life of CO

A

4 hours (only 40 minutes with 100% oxygen)

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13
Q

fluid needs for burn patients

A

2-4 mL of Ringer’s lactate x kg of body weight x percentage BSA of deep partial thickness and full thickness burns during first 24 hours (1/2 of this in the first 8 hours after burn injury)

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14
Q

what is the target UOP fluids should be titrated to for burn patients

A

0.5mL/kg/hour in adults

1 ml/kg/hour for children

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15
Q

for small children (

A

glucose to avoid hypoglycemia

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16
Q

what is a naturally occurring toxin that may be inhaled in confined space fires

17
Q

in burn patients what may be the first sign of hypoxia and electrolyte/ acid-base abnormalitites

A

cardiac dysrhythmias

18
Q

baseline labs for burn patients

A

CBC, type and cross match/ screen
ABGs w/ HbCO
serum glycose, electrolytes
preggo test

19
Q

a compartment pressure above what indicates escharotomy is needed

20
Q

if burns involve >20% BSA what should be inserted

21
Q

what type burns are painful when air currents pass over them

A

partial thickness.

cover the burn with clean sheets to relieve the pain

22
Q

what should you NOT do to burns

A

break blisters or appy antiseptic agents or apply cold compresses
no cold water if (>10% BSA)

23
Q

is there any indication for prophylactic antibiotics in the early post-burn period

24
Q

what type chemical burns are more serious

A

alkali because they penetrate more deeply

25
tx for chemical burn
flush away the chemical with large amounts of water for at least 20-30 minutes
26
how long doe alkali burns to the eye require continuous irrigation for
the first 8 hours after the burn
27
criteria for transfer to burn center
partial/ full thickness burns >10% BSA burns on face, eyes, ears, feet, genitals, perineum, over joints any full thickness inhalation injury, electrical, chemical burns (significant)
28
mild cold injury. pain, pallor and numbness. is reversible w/ rewarming and no tissue loss
frostnip
29
freezing of the tissue w/ intracellular ice crystal formation, microvascular occlusion and subsequent tissue anoia
forstbite
30
degree of frostbite- full-thickness and subq tissue necrosis. commonly w/ hemorrhage vesicle formation
third degree
31
degree of frostbite with hyperemia and edema. no skin necrosis
1st degree
32
frost bite degree with large, clear vesicle formation that accompanies hyperemia and edema. partial thickness skin necrosis
2nd degree
33
frost bite degree that has skin necrosis and includes muscle and bone w/ gangrene
4th degree
34
tx for cold injury
``` replace damp clothing w/ warm blankets give hot fluids by mouth place injured part in circulating water at 104 degrees until pink color returns do NOT rub or massage give adequate analgesia and rewarm ```
35
what constitutes hypothermia
core temp