Thermal Physics

Question 1

absolute zero

Answer 1

273K

Question 2

internal energy

Answer 2

the sum of the randomly distributed kinetic and potential energies of all of its particles

Question 3

specific heat capacity

Answer 3

the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1kg of a substance by 1K

Q=MC change TEMP

Question 4

specific latent heat

Answer 4

the quantity of thermal energy needed to be gained or lost to change the state of 1kg of a substance by 1K

Q=ML

Question 5

boyles law

Answer 5

pV= constant

at constant temperature the pressure is inversely proportional to the volume of a gas

Question 6

charles’ law

Answer 6

V/T= constant

at a constant pressure the volume of a gas is directionally proportional to its absolute temperature

Question 7

the pressure law

Answer 7

P/T= constant

at a constant volume the pressure of an ideal gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature

Question 8

ideal gas equations

Answer 8

pV=nRT - moles

pV=NkT - molecules

Question 9

relative molecular mass

Answer 9

sum of the relative atomic masses of all of the atoms making up a molecule

Question 10

kinetic theory assumptions

Answer 10

all molecules in the gas are identical

the gas contains a large number of molecules

all molecules have a negligible volume compared to the volume of the container

molecules move randomly

newtonian mechanics apply

collisions between molecules or with the walls of the container are perfectly elastic

the molecules move in a straight line

the forces that act during collisions last for much less time than the time between the collisions

Question 11

brownian motion

Answer 11

noticed that pollen grains moved in a zigzag motion

this movement of particles in any fluid is brownian motion