Thermal Physics Flashcards
(20 cards)
Absolute zero
The lowest possible temperature of a system where no heat remains and the particles in the system have no kinetic energy
Avogadro constant
The number of particles that make up one mole of any gas
Boltzmann constant
A constant relating the average kinetic energy of the particles in the gas to the gas’ temperature
Boyles law
The pressure of an ideal gas is inversely proportional to its volume when held at a constant temperature
What are the underlying assumptions for the kinetic theory model
RAVED
Random movement
Not attracted to each other
Volume of the particles is neglible to that of the
All collisions are elastic
Duration of collisions are negligible to the time it takes to collide again
After collisions particles move in a straight line
No intermolecular forces between particles
The motion of the particles follow newtons laws of motion
Brownian motion
The random motion of particles
Charles law
The volume of an ideal gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature when pressure remains constant
Ideal gas
A gas that meets the ideal gas assumptions. All the gas laws are based on ideal gases
Internal energy
The sum of the randomly distributed kinetic and potential energies of particles in a given system
Molar gas constant
A fundamental constant used in the ideal gas law
Molar mass
The mass of one molecule of the substance in question
Pressure law
The pressure of an ideal gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature when the volume is fixed
Specific heat capacity
The amount of energy required to increase the temperature of 1kg of a substance by 1 kelvin without changing its state
Specific latent heat
The amount of energy required to change the state of 1kg of a substance without changing its temperature
State changes - what happens to energy
During a state change the potential energy of the system is changing but the kinetic energy is not
How can the internal energy of a system be increased
Do work on the system to transfer energy to it
Increase the temperature of the system
What happens in terms of potential energy and kinetic energy when ice is heated into water
If ice is heated, all energy will increase the kinetic energy of the ice particles making them vibrate faster. Potential energy remains constant at this time. Changes are negligible. When the ice reaches 0ndegrees, all energy will increase potential energy to break bonds apart turning ice into water. Kinetic energy remains constant at this time.
For boyles law, what would a curve look like if the mass of gas was at a higher temperature
Curve would be further from the origin
At what temperature do particles have no kinetic energy
Absolute zero
At absolute zero what is the volume and pressure of the gas?
Zero
