Thermal Properties Flashcards
Understand thermal properties (52 cards)
What is the kinetic model?
Gases, liquids, and solids are made up of atoms, molecules, and/or ions, with differing behaviors across the three phases.
Describe the arrangement of particles in gases.
Particles are well separated with no regular arrangement.
Describe the arrangement of particles in liquids.
Particles are close together with no regular arrangement.
Describe the arrangement of particles in solids.
Particles are tightly packed, usually in a regular pattern.
How do particles in gases move?
They vibrate and move freely at high speeds.
How do particles in liquids move?
They vibrate, move about, and slide past each other.
How do particles in solids move?
They vibrate but generally do not move from place to place.
What are the two types of energy present in particles?
Kinetic energy and potential energy.
What determines the temperature of a body?
Kinetic energy.
What determines the state of a body?
Potential energy.
List the four states of matter.
- Solid
- Liquid
- Gas
- Plasma
What happens to energy during a change of state?
Energy is either taken in or given out.
What is latent heat?
Energy absorbed during a change of state that does not produce a change in temperature.
What is the latent heat of vaporization compared to the latent heat of fusion?
Latent heat of vaporization is higher than the latent heat of fusion for the same substance.
How does evaporation differ from boiling?
Evaporation occurs over a wide range of temperatures, while boiling occurs at a single temperature.
What factors affect evaporation?
- Surface area
- Wind
- Pressure
Define boiling point.
The temperature at which saturated vapor pressure equals external atmospheric pressure.
What is specific heat capacity?
The heat energy required to increase the temperature of 1 kg of a substance by 1 °C or 1 K.
What is the unit of specific heat capacity?
J kg-1 K-1 or J kg-1 °C-1.
What is heat capacity?
The heat energy required to increase an object’s temperature by 1 °C or 1 K.
What is the unit of heat capacity?
J K-1 or J °C-1.
What is the principle behind measuring specific heat capacity?
Supply a known amount of energy to a known mass of material and measure the rise in temperature.
What is the specific latent heat of fusion?
The energy required to change the state of 1 kg of material from solid to liquid without a change of temperature.
What is the specific latent heat of vaporization?
The energy required to change the state of 1 kg of material from liquid to vapor without a change of temperature.