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Thermo Cryo Modalities Flashcards

(59 cards)

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1
Q

The amount of heat energy within a substance depends on what three things

A
  1. Speed of particles (kinetic energy)
  2. Number of particles (mass)
  3. Capacity of particles to store heat (specific heat capacity)
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2
Q

amount of heat formula

A

Amount of heat= (mass) x (Temp. final- Temp. initial) x (specific
heat)

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3
Q

optimal temperature for therapeutic tissue heating effect

A

104-113 degrees F

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4
Q

Temperature of human tissues at baseline

A

82 to 96 degrees F

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5
Q

Therapeutic window between suboptimal and optimal temperatures

A

97 ro 103 degrees F to 104-113 degrees F

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6
Q

what human tissue conducts heat the least?

A

fat

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7
Q

what human tissue conducts heat the most?

A

muscle

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8
Q

what stores more heat air or water?

A

water

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9
Q

conduction- method of energy exchange and examples

A 
physical contact (2 solid substances)
hot pack
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10
Q

Convection-method of energy exchange and examples

A 
physical contact (gas/fluid against a solid substance)
Free: no external perturbation, forced- external perturbation

Paraffin bath, fluidotherapy, hydrotherapy

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11
Q

Radiation-method of energy exchange and examples

A

air contact between agent and tissue

shortwave diathermy

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12
Q

Evaporation- method of energy exchange and examples

A

Liquid to gaseous state when contact with tissue

Vapo-collant spray

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13
Q

Moist Heat Paraffin Bath Dipping with continuous immersion

A

7-10 dips followed by a continuous immersion of 30 minutes

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14
Q

Moist Heat Paraffin Bath Dipping with wrapping

A

7- 10 dips followed by plastic liner and towel/ cloth mitten over (30 min.)

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15
Q

Moist Heat Paraffin Bath brushing with wrapping

A

7- 10 layers

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16
Q

Hot packs are kept at which temperature

A

158-169 degrees F

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17
Q

Paraffin is kept at what temperature

A

124-129 degrees F

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18
Q

Fluidotherapy is kept at which temperate

A

Fluidotherapy: After turning on and warm up is complete, temperatures range in 110-126°F

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19
Q

Coupling medium of hot packs

A

5-8 layers of toweling. Commercial cloth is equivalent to 2-3 layers.

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20
Q

Coupling medium of paraffin

A

Intact skin (wrap first with sterile gauze if minor cut present- e.g. paper cut)

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21
Q

Coupling medium fluidotherapy

A

None

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22
Q

Application time for a hot pack

A

about 20 minutes

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23
Q

Application time for parrafin

A

about 30 minutes

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24
Q

Application time for fluidotherapy

Study These Flashcards
A

about 30 minutes

25
Screening thermal discrimination 5 point scale with test tubes filled with water at each of these 5 temperatures held for 10-15 seconds with 60 seconds between temperature shift
 Very cold (freezer 23-32°F)  Cold (refrigerator 50-55°F)  Neutral (room temperature 68-72°F )  Warm (thermal agent water around 91-95°F)  Hot (paraffin filled tube around 124-129°F)
26
Scoring for thermal discrimination screening
 4-5/5=normal/ slightly impaired (no restriction to use)  3/5= moderately impaired (be precautious with patient as per sound clinical judgment)  1-2/5= severely impaired (risk for harm with thermal use)  0/5= Totally impaired (all thermal & electrophysical agents are contraindicated)
27
Metabolic response to heat (3)
vasodilation increase blood flow and cell metabolism enhanced soft tissue healing
28
Neuromuscular response to heat (3)
decrease gamma motor neuron activity decrease alpha motor neuron activity decrease muscle spasms
29
Musculoskeletal response to heat (3)
increases viscoelastic properties and decrease joint viscosity improves muscle flexibility and joint mobility respectively enhances soft tissue mobility
30
contraindications to heat (6)
 Over areas with sensory impairment (unable to sense heat)  Over cancerous areas  Over areas with thrombophlebitis  Pregnancy (over localized areas of pelvis, abdominal, and low back)  Over areas with acute or severe inflammation  Confused patients*
31
precautions to heat with localized use (6)
 Over areas with impaired blood circulation (patients can't self cool)  In patients with severe cardiac insufficiency (do not want to increase fluid load to the heart)  Over areas with superficial open or closed wounds including grafts and burns  Over superficial metal implants in human tissue  In cases of systemic infectious diseases  Over areas in presence of demyelinated nerves
32
stages of early tissue repair (4)
Hemostasis (second-minutes) Inflammatory (hours/days/weeks) Proliferative (weeks/months) Remodeling/Maturation (months/year)
33
Cellular response to cold (5)
``` reduction of tissue temperature reduction of cell metabolism reduction in tissue oxygen requirement reduces secondary tissue damage decrease free proteins = decrease edema ```
34
metabolic response to cold (3)
depolarization of sympathetic adrenergic nerve fibers norepinephrine causes smooth muscles to contract in blood vessels vasocontriction
35
Neurological response to cold (4)
cold stimulus competes with pain stimulus decrease localized pain substances (histamine and prostaglandin) decrease nerve conduction velocity of pain nerve fibers decrease gamma motor neuron= decrease muscle spasm/tone
36
optimal tissue temperature for cold
60 to 50 degrees F
37
Tissue temperature normally
82 to 95 degrees F
38
therapeutic window for cold between suboptimal to optimal
81 to 61 degrees F to 60 to 50 degrees F
39
Greater adipose tissue leads to a ____ cooling effect
diminished
40
cryotherapy ranked strong for (2)
1. Post-operative knee arthroplasty | 2. Mixed post-op musculoskeletal conditions
41
cryotherapy ranked moderate for (4)
1. Ankle sprains 2. Spasticity 3. Joint/ tendon/ muscle conditions 4. Arthritic/ Rheumatoid conditions
42
Gel pack temperature
23-32 degrees F
43
cubed ice bag temperature
32-50 degrees F
44
crushed ice bag temperature
32-50 degrees F
45
wetted-ice bag temperature
32-50 degrees F
46
ice cup/icicle temperature
47
two other cryogents
vapocoolant spray, controlled continuous cold unit with compression
48
coupling medium for gel cold packs
wet towel layer between cryoagent and skin
49
treatment duration for gel cold pack
10-20 minutes
50
treatment duration for ice cup/icicle
5-10 minutes
51
treatment duration for controlled cold unit with compression (cryocuff)
1-8 hours depending on condition
52
treatment duration for vapocollant
3-5 Quick sprays for a second to afraction of a second depending on area followed by 1-2 minute stretching of targeted tissue
53
I-BANA
``` Intense cold burning aching numbness analgesia ```
54
contraindications for cold therapy (7)
 Over skin areas where sensation of cold is severely impaired  In patients with cold induced urticaria  In patients presenting with Raynaud’s disease/ phenomenon  In patients with Cryoglobulinemia (proteins become insoluble at lower temperatures- this can cause protein build up and limit circulation)  Over open dermal wounds  Over peripheral vascular disease areas  Patients who are confused*
55
Precautions for cold therapy (10)
 Over areas of impaired circulation  Over thoracic areas in patients with cronopathies  In hypertensive patients  In patients with Cardiovascular and Cardiorespiratory disorders  Over superficial peripheral nerves  Patients with hemiplegia  In very young/ old patients  In Overweight/ Obese patients  The potential for there to be some loss of Joint Position Sense Awareness immediately after use of cryotherapy over stressed joints  The effects of compression with a gel pack on underlying tissue
56
what is contrast immersion used for
Enhances peripheral blood flow post acute injury. Good for edema control.
57
What temperatures does contrast immersion alternate between
Alternate between hot (99-100°F) and cold (41-68°F) water.
58
hot:cold ratio for contrast immersion
4:2 constant or variable
59
how many cycles is contrast immersion how long does treatment last for
4 cycles | 20-30 minutes total

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