Thermodynamics 1

Question 1

Thermodynamics

Answer 1

Thermodynamics is a branch of physics which deals with the processes involving heat work our internal energy thermodynamics deals with the macroscopic properties and does not go into the detail structure.

Question 2

System and surrounding

Answer 2

If we consider one mole of gas in enclosed inside a cylinder fitted with a piston the gas is a system which has a clear boundary sometimes the system does not have a clear boundary anything outside the system is called the surrounding

Question 3

Types of system

Answer 3

open system, isolated system and close system

Question 4

open system

Answer 4

it is a system where the exchange of martyr and energy with the surroundings take place

Question 5

closed system

Answer 5

it is a system where the exchange of only energy and not matter with the surrounding takes place

Question 6

isolated system

Answer 6

It is a system which is not influence in any way by its surroundings

Question 7

What are thermodynamic variables

Answer 7

Thermal state of a simple homogeneous body is defined by its temperature T pressure P and volume V these quantities are called thermodynamic variables

Question 8

Thermodynamic process

Answer 8

A particular set of such values specify a particular state of the system. The process by which the system goes from one thermodynamic state to another is called thermodynamic processes

Question 9

Extensive variable

Answer 9

Extensive variables indicate the size of the system.
Eg: - Volume, mass, internal energy, etc…

Question 10

Intensive variable

Answer 10

Intensive variable do not indicate the size of the system.
Eg: - Pressure, temperature, density, etc…

Question 11

Thermal equilibrium

Answer 11

Ford assistant to be in thermal equilibrium, there should be no temperature difference between the different parts of the system or between the system and the surroundings. Dual system in thermal equilibrium with each other are in the same temperature.

Question 12

Zeroth Law of thermodynamics

Answer 12

If two systems A and B are separately in a thermal equilibrium with a 3rd system C, then systems A and B are in thermal equilibrium with each other.

Question 13

first law of thermodynamics

Answer 13

This is the law of conservation of energy first up Delta Q is a quantity of energy is supplied to a system, delta U be the increase in the internal energy, in addition to the same work done by it, the total work
delta W = P delta V
delta Q = delta U + delta W
= delta U + P delta V

Question 14

Isothermal process

Answer 14

Then a system suffers a physical change under the condition that its temperature remains constant throughout the process it is called an isothermal process.
delta Q = delta U + delta W
delta U = 0
delta Q = delta W

Question 15

Adiabatic process

Answer 15

Then the system undergoes a physical change under the condition that no heat enters or leaves the system, the change is said to be adiabatic.
delta Q = 0
delta U = - delta W

Question 16

Entropy

Answer 16

Physical quantity remains constant during an adiabatic change is called entropy

Question 17

Relationship between the slope of Adiabatic and isothermal curve

Answer 17

The slope of adiabatic is gamma times Slope of isothermal.

Question 18

Second law of thermodynamics

Answer 18

It is mainly concerned with the direction of heat transfer

Question 19

Kelvin statement

Answer 19

It is impossible to get a continuous supply of work from body by calling it to a temperature lower than the lowest of its surrounding.