Thermodynamics 1 Flashcards
(15 cards)
What are the three types of thermodynamic systems?
Open, closed, and isolated systems.
What is an open system?
A system that can exchange both energy and matter with its surroundings.
What is a closed system?
A system that can exchange energy but not matter with its surroundings.
What is an isolated system?
A system that cannot exchange energy or matter with its surroundings.
What is the first law of thermodynamics?
The total energy of an isolated system remains constant; energy can be transformed but not created or destroyed.
What is internal energy (U)?
The sum of all kinetic and potential energy within a system.
What is kinetic energy?
Energy due to motion.
What is potential energy?
Energy due to position or stored energy.
What is an example of molecular kinetic energy?
The motion of water molecules.
What is an example of molecular potential energy?
Hydrogen bonding between water molecules.
What are the three key thermodynamic functions?
Enthalpy (H), entropy (S), and Gibbs free energy (G).
What does the first law of thermodynamics imply about the universe?
The universe is an isolated system, so its total energy remains constant.
How do energy transformations occur in chemical reactions?
Energy is transformed from one form to another, such as potential energy in bonds being converted to kinetic energy.
What happens to the total energy in an isolated system during a reaction?
It remains constant.
What happens to the total energy in a closed system during a reaction?
The total energy of the system changes, but the total energy of the universe remains constant.
