THERMODYNAMICS Flashcards
1
Q
what is initial point of Celsius scale
A
0 degree
Example: Freezing point of water
2
Q
molar specific heat capacity for isobaric process
A
Cp
3
Q
what is thermodynamics
A
conversion of heat energy into other forms of energy
4
Q
the internal energy of ideal diatomic or polyatomic gas is equal to
A
translational kinetic energy + rotational kinetic energy + vibrational kinetic energy + potential energy
Formula: U = K.E trans + K.E rot. + K.E vib. + P.E
5
Q
1st law of thermodynamics is another form of
A
law of conservation of energy
6
Q
no. of divisions in celcius scale
A
100
7
Q
example of isothermal process
A
boiling of water once it reaches 100 degree celcius
8
Q
temperature scale tables
A
rows: initial point, final point, divisions
columns: C, F, K
Draw it
9
Q
does adiabatic process obey Boyle’s law
A
no
10
Q
change in internal energy does not depend upon
A
path followed
11
Q
in isothermal process, △T is
A
zero
12
Q
example of isochoric process
A
pressure cooker
13
Q
what is thermodynamic system
A
the set of particles having certain values of pressure, volume and temperature
14
Q
molar specific heat capacity for isochoric process
A
Cv
15
Q
molar specific heat capacity C for isothermal process
A
infinity
16
Q
what is isobaric process
A
it is a process in which pressure remains constant
17
Q
no. of divisions in kelvin scale
A
100
18
Q
value of γ(gamma) for monoatomic gas is
A
1.69
19
Q
value of molar specific heat capacity C for adiabatic process
A
zero
20
Q
PV graph for adiabatic process is
A
steep curve
21
Q
what is final point of celcius scale
A
100 degree
22
Q
when will the work done be positive
A
when done by system
23
Q
PVγ is constant for
A
adiabatic process
24
Q
according to indicator diagram for expansion, which process does most work
A
isobaric
25
work done in isochoric process is
zero
26
Kinetic Molecular Theory (KMT) is likely to break at
high pressure, low temperature
27
final point of fahrenheit scale
212 degree
28
order of work done by each process for compression is
adiabatic > isothermal > isobaric
29
in adiabatic process, △Q is
zero
30
what is temperature
the degree of hotness or coldness of a body
31
when will be the change in heat supplied be positive
when heat is absorbed
32
formula for internal energy of gases
U = K.E trans + K.E rot. + K.E vib. + P.E
## Footnote
Formula: U = K.E trans + K.E rot. + K.E vib. + P.E
33
for isothermal process, △Q is equal to
W
34
according to indicator diagram for compression, which process does most work
adiabatic
35
the internal energy of monoatomic gas is equal to
translational kinetic energy
## Footnote
Formula: U = K.E trans
36
when will the work done be negative
when done on system
37
The 1st law of thermodynamics states that
heat supplied to a system is always equal to the change in internal energy plus the work done on the surroundings
38
in isothermal process, which values remain constant
temperature and internal energy
39
what is the initial point of temperature scales
freezing point of water
40
what is adiabatic process
the process in which no heat enters or leaves the system
41
what is thermodynamic process
any change in pressure, temperature and volume
42
what is isothermal process
the process in which temperature remains constant
43
PV graph for isochoric process is
straight line parallel to y-axis
44
what is state function
values that only depend on initial and final points, not the path followed
45
initial point of kelvin scale
273
46
example of adiabatic process
sound propagation
cloud formation
rapid escape of air from burst tyre
shaking of hot air in thermoflask
47
PV graph for isobaric process is
straight line parallel to x-axis
48
formula for first law of thermodynamics
△Q = △U + W
## Footnote
Formula: △Q = △U + W
49
1st law of thermodynamics for isobaric process
△Qp = △U + W
50
no. of divisions in fahrenheit scale
180
51
area under PV-graph gives value of
work done
52
which of the following is smallest? 1C, 1F, 1K
1F
53
according to indicator diagram for expansion, which process does least work
adiabatic
54
in thermodynamic cyclic process, change in internal energy is
zero
55
when will the change in internal energy be negative
when energy decreases
56
in adiabatic process, W is equal to
-△U
57
what is isochoric process
it is a process in which volume remains constant
58
final point of kelvin scale
373
59
what is final point of temperature scales
boiling point of water
60
which of the following is lowest? 1C, 1F, 1K
1K
61
what is internal energy?
the sum of all types of energies possessed by gas molecules
62
write the 7 state functions
pressure
temperature
volume
internal energy
enthalpy
entropy
Gibbs free energy
63
when will the change in internal energy be positive
when energy increases
64
when will the change in heat supplied be negative
when heat is released
65
internal energy is __________ function
state
66
what is isolated system
a system in which both mass and heat cannot be exchanged with the surroundings
67
relation of Cp and Cv is
Cp - Cv = R
68
the PV graph of isothermal process is
a curve
69
what is close system
a system in which mass cannot be exchanged but heat can
70
What is enthalpy?
Enthalpy is a state function.
## Footnote
State
71
What is entropy?
Entropy is a state function.
## Footnote
State
72
What is Gibbs free energy?
Gibbs free energy is a state function.
## Footnote
State
73
When will the change in internal energy be positive?
When energy increases.
## Footnote
When energy increases
74
When will the change in heat supplied be negative?
When heat is released.
## Footnote
When heat is released
75
Internal energy is a ______ function.
Internal energy is a state function.
## Footnote
State
76
What is an isolated system?
A system in which both mass and heat cannot be exchanged with the surroundings.
## Footnote
A system in which both mass and heat cannot be exchanged with the surroundings
77
What is the relation of Cp and Cv?
Cp - Cv = R.
## Footnote
Cp - Cv = R
78
The PV graph of an isothermal process is what shape?
The PV graph of an isothermal process is a curve.
## Footnote
A curve
79
What is a closed system?
A system in which mass cannot be exchanged but heat can be exchanged with the surroundings.
## Footnote
A system in which mass cannot be exchanged but heat can be exchanged with the surroundings
80
Give an example of an isobaric process.
Cooking of food with an open lid.
## Footnote
Cooking of food with an open lid
81
How is internal energy a state function?
Because it only depends upon the initial and final values, regardless of the path taken.
## Footnote
Because it only depends upon the initial and final values, regardless of the path taken
82
What is an open system?
A system in which both mass and heat can be exchanged with the surroundings.
## Footnote
A system in which both mass and heat can be exchanged with the surroundings
83
What is the value of γ for a polyatomic gas?
1.29.
## Footnote
1.29
84
What is the 1st law of thermodynamics for an isochoric process?
ΔQ = ΔU.
## Footnote
ΔQ = ΔU
85
What law does an isothermal process obey?
Boyle's law.
## Footnote
Boyle's law
86
What is the order of work done by each process for expansion?
Isobaric > Isothermal > Adiabatic.
## Footnote
Isobaric > Isothermal > Adiabatic
87
What is the formula for temperature conversions?
Scale-initial point/divisions = scale-initial point/divisions.
## Footnote
Scale-initial point/divisions = scale-initial point/divisions
88
What is the value of γ for a diatomic gas?
1.40.
## Footnote
1.40
89
In an isothermal process, what is ΔU?
Zero.
## Footnote
Zero
90
What is a state function also known as?
State variable.
## Footnote
State variable
91
Which temperature scale is most sensitive?
Fahrenheit.
## Footnote
F
92
At which temperature do Celsius and Fahrenheit become equal?
40 degrees.
## Footnote
40 degrees
93
What is the initial point of the Fahrenheit scale?
32.
## Footnote
32
94
According to the indicator diagram for compression, which process does the least work?
Isobaric.
## Footnote
Isobaric
95
What is the formula for γ (gamma)?
Cp/Cv.
## Footnote
Cp/Cv
96
What is the work done of a thermodynamic cyclic process?
Not zero.
## Footnote
Not zero
97
In an isothermal process, what is PV?
Constant.
## Footnote
Constant
98
for an ideal gas, the potential energy of gas molecules is
zero
98
which law gives concept of temperature?
zeroth law of thermodynamics
98
what is the unit for specific heat capacity?
J / K kg
98
a point on PV diagram represents
state or condition of the system
99
the relation between work and heat of a system is
direct
100
out of solid, liquid and gas of same mass and at same temperature, which one has highest internal energy?
gas
101
in isothermal expansion, the pressure is determined by
compressibility only
102
a thermodynamic system is changed from state (P1V1) to (P2V2) by two different processes. the quantity which will remain same will be
△Q - △H
102
the area under a PV diagram represents
work done on or by the system
103
the curve which represents an isothermal process is called
isotherm
104
why is water used as a coolant in automobiles?
because it has a high heat capacity
105
when two bodies are said to be in thermal equilibrium, the net heat exchange between them is
zero
106
heat is not being exchanged with a body. if its internal energy is increased then the temperature will
increase
107
a curve drawn between two points on PV diagram represents
a thermodynamic process
