Thermodynamics

Question 1

in which direction does the reaction spontaneously proceed if Q < K?

Answer 1

to the right

Question 2

in which direction does the reaction spontaneously proceed if Q > K?

Answer 2

to the left

Question 3

When equilibrium is reached what is Q equal to?

Answer 3

Q = K

Question 4

When equilibrium is reached what is ∆G equal to?

Answer 4

∆G = 0 at equilibrium

Question 5

How to calculate ∆G given Q and K

Answer 5

∆G = RT ln Q/K (if < 0 then spontaneous)

Question 6

for the equation ∆G = ∆H -T∆S, what are the conditions for a reaction at equilibrium?

Answer 6

∆G and ∆S must be SAME SIGN, this makes the reaction reversible

Question 7

If the reaction is exothermic and entropy is high, is the reaction reversible?

Answer 7

∆G < 0 => always spontaneous = irreversible

Question 8

if reaction is endothermic and entropy is low, is the reaction reversible?

Answer 8

∆G > 0 => always non-spontaneous = impossible reaction

Question 9

How to determine ∆G* using K?

Answer 9

∆G* = - RT ln K

Question 10

How to determine ∆G using ∆G* and K?

Answer 10

∆G = ∆G* + RT ln K 
∆G = ∆H - T∆S + RT ln K

Question 11

What is nernst distribution law?

Answer 11

ratio distribution of a substance between 2 phases:

[A]phase 1/ [A] phase2 = K

Question 12

What method of separation is used for fluid and fluid?

Answer 12

2 immiscible fluid (heavier phase is released first)

Question 13

What method of separation is used for fluid and solid

Answer 13

liquid chromatography

Question 14

What method of separation is used for fluid and gaseous phase?

Answer 14

gas chromatography

Question 15

What method of separation is used for solid and gaseous phase?

Answer 15

gas chromatography

Question 16

Name two processes in which entropy inceases

Answer 16

1. entropy increase when the number of gas particles increases
2. in endothermic reactions, entropy increases