thermodynamics + water Flashcards
(30 cards)
what is the universe in thermodynamics
system + surrounding
what is the 1st law of thermodynamics
energy is conserved, energy is neither created or destroyed
what is the second law of thermodynamics
disorder is constantly increasing
what does a -ΔG say about the reaction
it is spontaneous
isolated system
no exchange of matter or energy
closed system
energy exchanges may occur
open system
energy and matter may be exchanged
what type of system are living organisms
open
endothermic reactions
ΔH > 0
-heat is absorbed by the system
-new bonds are less stable
exothermic reactions
ΔH < 0
-heat is released by the system
-new bonds are more stable
equation for free energy
G = H - TS
are spontaneous reactions exergonic or endergonic
exergonic(high energy to low energy)
are non spontaneous reactions exergonic or endergonic
endergonic(low energy to high energy)
exergonic reaction
-ΔG < 0
-spontaneous
-energy is released
endergonic reaction
-ΔG > 0
-non spontaneous
-energy required
coupling
energy released in an exergonic reaction is greater than energy absorbed in endergonic reaction (exergonic reaction pulls endergonic reaction along)
T/F free energy depends on concentration
TRUE
what is the Keq and ΔG value when the products are favored at equilibrium
Keq»_space; 1
ΔG «_space;0
what is the Keq and ΔG value when the reactants are favored at equilibrium
Keq «1
ΔG»_space;0
ways to drive unfavorable reaction
-compartmentation: increased concentration of reactants
-coupling: pair favored reaction with unfavored one
what atom is the hydrogen acceptor in a hydrogen bond
the more electronegative (partially negative) atom
interstrand H bonding
multiple stands hydrogen bond with each other
intrastrand H bonding
strand hydrogen bonds within itself
why is water a great solvent
it contains both partial positives and negatives allowing it to interact with and dissolve charged molecules and polar molecules
