thigh and knee

Question 1

Bony points

Answer 1

medial and lateral condyles/ epicondyles of the femur
medial and lateral condyles of the tibia
adductor tubercle
patella
tibial tuberosity

Question 2

Knee joint

Answer 2

• hinge joint - flexion, extension
• lined with hyaline cartilage
• has medial/ lateral menisci (fibrocartilage) to deepen articular surface of tibia (stabilize) and act as a shock absorber

Question 3

knee ligaments

Answer 3

collateral ligaments: stabilise hinge joint
- medial collat: medial epi femur to medial condyle tibia
- lateral collat: lateral epi femur to lateral fibular head
cruciate ligaments
- anterior: prevents anterior dislocation
- posterior - prevents post dislocation

Question 4

patella tendon

Answer 4

continuation of quadriceps femoris tendon - attaches to the tibial tuberosity

Question 5

superior tibiofibular joint

Answer 5

• plane joint - bones glide over each other to create movement
• supported by hyaline cartilage, TF ligaments and lateral collateral lig

Question 6

Rectus femoris

Answer 6

A: extension of the knee
O: AIIS
I: tibial tuberosity
N: femoral

Question 7

vastus medialis

Answer 7

A: extension of the knee
O: medial lip of linea aspera
I: tibial tuberosity
N: femoral

Question 8

vastus lateralis

Answer 8

A: extension of the knee
O: lateral lip of linea aspera, gluteal tuberosity, greater trochanter
I: tibial tuberosity
N: femoral

Question 9

Iliotibial tract

Answer 9

A: acts as an extensor, abductor and lateral rotator of the hip and helps stabilize the knee joint
O: iliac tubercle
I: lateral tibial condyle

Question 10

sartorius

Answer 10

A: flex and laterally rotate hip, flex and medially rotate flex knee
O: ASIS
I: prox, medial shaft of tibia
N: femoral

Question 11

bicep femoris

Answer 11

A: Flex and laterally rotate the flexed knee, (long head) extends the hip
O: long head: ischial tuberosity, short head: lateral lip of linea aspera
I: head of fibula
N: sciatic – tibial branch

Question 12

semimembranosus

Answer 12

A: Flex and medially rotate the flexed knee, extend the hip
O: ischial tuberosity
I: posterior medial condyle of tibia
N: sciatic – tibial branch

Question 13

semitendinosus

Answer 13

A: Flex and medially rotate flexed knee, extend the hip
O: ischial tuberosity
I: medial shaft of tibia
N: sciatic – tibial branch

Question 14

gastrocnemius

Answer 14

A: flex the knee and planter flex the ankle
O: femoral condyles
I: calcaneus
N: tibial

Question 15

soleus

Answer 15

A: plantar flex the ankle
O: soleal line, prox/posterior tibia surface
I: calcaneus
N: tibial

Question 16

adductor magnus

Answer 16

A: adduct and medially rotate the hip and assist hip flexion, posterior fibres help extension
O: inferior ramus of pubis, ramus if ischium, ischial tuberosity
I: adductor tubercle and medial lip of linea aspera
N: obturator/ sciatic

Question 17

popliteal lymph nodes

Answer 17

• Small in size, found embedded in fat reserves in the popliteal fossa
• Efferent vessels of popliteal nodes pass alongside femoral vessels to empty into the deep inguinal nodes
• Some accompany the great saphenous vein

Question 18

Great saphenous vein

Answer 18

• dorsal venous arch/ dorsal vein of big toe - ascends medial side of leg and medial malleolus to medial condyle of knee - terminates in fem triangle @ fem vein

Question 19

pulse

Answer 19

popliteal pulse

Question 20

Sciatic nerve

Answer 20

• nerve root: L4-S3 - lubar plexus - leaves pelvis entering gluteal reg via GSForamen - inferior piriformis - descends inferiolateral - posterior thigh. Teminates @ popliteal fossa, divide into tibial/ common peroneal nerve
• motor: hamstrings/ part adductor magnus
• sensory: no DIRECT cutaneous fuction