Thigh and the Knee

Question 1

Name the features of the proximal end of the femur

Answer 1

Head

Neck

Greater trochanter

Lesser trochanter

Intertrochanteric line

Intertrochanteric crest

Question 2

Name the features of the shaft of the femur

Answer 2

Linea aspera

Pectineal line

Gluteal tuberosity

Popliteal fossa

Medial and lateral supracondylar lines

Adductor tubercle

Question 3

Name the features of the distal end of the femur

Answer 3

Medial and lateral epicondyles

Medial and lateral condyles

Intercondylar fossa

Facet for attachement of posterior cruciate ligament

Facet for attachment of anterior cruciate ligament

Question 4

What attaches to the patella and where do they attach

Answer 4

Patella ligament attaches at apex (inferiorly)

Quadriceps tendon attaches to base (superiorly)

Medial facet articulates with medial femoral condyle

Lateral facet articulates with lateral femoral condyle

Question 5

Functions of the patella

Answer 5

Leg extension

Protection

Question 6

Name the features of the proximal end of the tibia

Answer 6

Medial and lateral condyles

Tibial tuberosity

Intercondylar tubercles

Question 7

Name the features of the distal end of the tibia

Answer 7

Medial malleolus

Fibular notch

Question 8

What are the fibula articulations

Answer 8

Proximal tibiofibular joint

Distal tibiofibular joint

Ankle joint

Question 9

What are the bony landmarks of the fibula and where are they found

Answer 9

Facet for articulation with lateral condyle - proximal

Lateral malleolus - distal

Question 10

What are the articulating surfaces of the knee joint

Answer 10

Tibiofemoral

Patellofemoral

Question 11

What is the neurovasculature of the knee

Answer 11

Blood supply - genicular anastomoses from genicular arteries of femoral and popliteal arteries

Nerve - femoral, tibial and common fibular

Question 12

What are the functions of the menisci

Answer 12

Deepend articular surface of tibia to increase joint stability

Act as shock absorbers

Question 13

What are bursae and name the bursae of the knee

Answer 13

Fluid filled sacs between moving structures in joints that reduce wear and tear on the structures

Suprapatella

Prepatella

Infrapatella - deep and superficial

Semimembranosus

Question 14

Name the ligaments of the knee and their function

Answer 14

Patellar ligament

Tibial and fibular collateral ligaments - stabilise hinge motion, prevent medial and lateral movement.

Anterior cruciate ligament - prevents anterior dislocation of tibia on to femur

Posterior cruciate ligament - prevents posterior dislocation of tibia on to femur

Question 15

What are the movements of the knee and what muscles co-ordinate them

Answer 15

Extension - quadriceps

Flexion - hamstrings, gracilis, sartorius, popliteus

Lateral rotation - biceps femoris

Medial rotation - semimembranosus, semitendinosus, gracilis, sartorius, popliteus

Question 16

What are the borders of the femoral triangle and what are they formed by

Answer 16

Superior - inguinal ligament

Lateral - medial border of sartorius

Medial - medial border of adductor longus

Question 17

What are the contents of the femoral triangle, from lateral to medial

Answer 17

Femoral nerve

Femoral artery

Femoral vein

Femoral canal

Question 18

What are the contents of the femoral canal

Answer 18

Lymphatic vessels

Deep lymph node

Empty space

Loose connective tissue

Question 19

What are the borders of the adductor canal and what form them

Answer 19

Anterior - satorius

Lateral - vastus medialis

Posterior adductor longus and adductor magnus

Question 20

What does the adductor canal contain

Answer 20

Femoral artery, vein and nerve

Question 21

What are the nerve roots of the femoral nerve

Answer 21

L2-L4

Question 22

What are the motor functions of the femoral nerve and what muscles does it innervate

Answer 22

Hip flexors - pectineus, iliacus, sartorius

Knee extensors - quadriceps femoris

Question 23

What are the cutaneous branches of the femoral nerve and where do they supply

Answer 23

Anterior cutaneous - skin of anteromedial thigh

Saphenous nerve - skin on medial side of leg and foot

Question 24

What are the nerve roots of the obturator nerve

Answer 24

L2-L4

Question 25

What are the motor functions of the obturator nerve and what muscles does it supply

Answer 25

Adducts thigh - adductor longus, adductor brevis, adductor magnus (adductor part), gracilis Laterally rotates thigh - obturator externus

Question 26

Where does the cutaneous branch of obturator nerve supply

Answer 26

Skin of middle part of thigh

Question 27

What are the actions of the iliopsoas and what is it innervated by

Answer 27

Flexes lower limb at hip and assists in lateral rotation at hip Iliacus - femoral nerve Psoas - anterior (ventral) rami of L1-3

Question 28

What are the muscles that make up the quadriceps femoris, what are their actions and innervations

Answer 28

All are innervated by the femoral nerve Vastus lateralis - extends knee joint Vastus intermedius - extends knee joint Vastus medialis - extends knee joint Rectus femoris - extends knee joint and flexes hip joint

Question 29

What are actions and innervations of the sartorius

Answer 29

Actions - flexes, abducts and laterally rotates hip and flexes at knee Femoral nerve

Question 30

What are the actions and innervation of the pectineus

Answer 30

Actions - adduction and flexion at hip Femoral nerve

Question 31

What are the muscles of the anterior compartment of the thigh

Answer 31

Iliopsoas Quadriceps femoris Sartorius Pectineus

Question 32

What are the muscles in the medial compartment of the thigh

Answer 32

Gracilis Adductor magnus Adductor longus Adductor brevis Obturator externus

Question 33

What are the actions and innervations of the adductor magnus

Answer 33

Actions - both parts adduct thigh * Adductor part - flexes thigh * Hamstring part - extends thigh Innervations * Adductor part - obturator nerve * Hamstring part - tibial nerve

Question 34

What are the actions and innervation of adductor longus

Answer 34

Actions - adduction and medial rotation of thigh Obturator nerve

Question 35

What are the actions and innervation of the adductor brevis

Answer 35

Actions - adduction of thigh Obturator nerve

Question 36

What are the actions and innervation of the obturator externus

Answer 36

Actions - laterally rotates thigh Obturator nerve

Question 37

What are the actions and innervation of the gracilis

Answer 37

Actions - adduction of thigh at hip and flexion of leg at knee Obturator nerve