Things I forget Flashcards
(11 cards)
What are the adverse effects of Lithium?
Top down!
- intracranial HTN (give diuretics e.g. acetazolamide)
- Thyroid / parathyroid ↑ → hyperthyroidism and hypercalaemia
- Fine tremour
- Heart: inverted or flattened T wave
- GI: weight gain, N + V, diarrhoea
- Kidneys: diabetes insipidus
when should you check lithium levels?
how often?
12 hours post-dose
weekly until stable
→ 3 months
When does lithium toxicity occur?
Concentrations > 1.5mm/L
What are the features of lithium toxicity (top down)?
- Confusion → seizure → coma
- Coarse tremour (fine normally)
- Hyperreflexia
- Polyuria
How do you manage lithium toxicity?
- Normal saline
- Haemodialysis if severe
- bicarbonate
What 4 drugs should be avoided in renal failure?
- antibiotics: tetracycline, nitrofurantoin
- NSAIDs
- lithium
- metformin
What do the following antigens mean in Hep B infection:
- Surface antigen (HBsAg)
- E antigen (HBeAg)
- Core antibodies (HBcAb)
- IgM
- IgG
- Surface antibodies (HBsAb)
- Surface antigen (HBsAg) – active infection
- E antigen (HBeAg) – marker of viral replication and implies high infectivity
- Core antibodies (HBcAb) – implies past or current infection
- IgM: ↑ MAD in acute phase
- IgG: ↑ in past infection (lingers after infection)
- Surface antibody (HBsAb) – implies vaccination or past or current infection
what electrolyte abnormalities cause long QT?
Hypos!
Low Mg, Ca, K
(and hypothermia!)
What is the triad of Menier’s disease?
Tinnitus
Vertigo
Hearing loss
What are the features of vestibular neuronitis?
- recurrent vertigo attacks lasting hours or days
- nausea and vomiting may be present
- horizontal nystagmus is usually present
- no hearing loss or tinnitus
What do acoustic neuroma’s present with?
What is a distinguishing feature of an acoustic neuroma?
Vertigo, hearing loss, tinnitus.
an absent corneal reflex + other CN problems
