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Things I forget easily Flashcards

1
Q

syringomyelia interrupts what tract? what effect does this have?

A

spinothalamic track - bilateral loss of pain and temperature in upper extremities although fine touch is preserved - “cape like distribution” (C8-T1)

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2
Q

sensation on anterior 2/3 of tongue is done by which CN?

A

5 (trigeminal) - V3

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3
Q

taste on anterior 2/3 of tongue is done by which CN

A

7 (facial)

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4
Q

taste/sensation on posterior 1/3 of tongue

A

9 (glossopharyngeal)

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5
Q

if you lose sterognosis and graphesthesia, you have impaired which tract?

A

dorsal columns/medial lemniscus

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6
Q

Where is the inflammatory infiltrate in Guillian Barre?

A

endoneurium (surrounds a single nerve fiber)

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7
Q

neurotransmitter change in: anxiety

A

increased NE, decreased serotonin, decreased GABA

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8
Q

neurotransmitter change in: depression

A

decreased NE, decreased serotonin, decreased dopamine

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9
Q

neurotransmitter change in: parkinsons

A

decreased dopamine, increased Ach

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10
Q

neurotransmitter change in: huntingtons

A

decreased GABA, decreased Ach

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11
Q

location of synthesis: NE

A

locus ceruleus (pons)

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12
Q

location of synthesis: dopamine

A

ventral tegmentum and SNc

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13
Q

location of synthesis: serotonin

A

raphe nucleus (pons)

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14
Q

location of synthesis: Ach

A

basal nucleus of Meynert

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15
Q

location of synthesis: Gaba

A

nucleus accumbens

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16
Q

three things that seal BBB

A

1) tight junctions in nonfenestrated capillaries
2) basement membrane
3) astrocyte foot processes

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17
Q

types of molecules that can cross BBB easily

A

nonpolar/lipid soluble

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18
Q

specialized brain region where molecules in blood can affect brain function

A

area postrema (vomiting center) - regions with fenestrated capillaries

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19
Q

steps from ischemia to liquefactive necrosis

A 
12-48 hours: red neurons
24-72 hours: necrosis + neutrophils
3-5 days: macrophages
1-2 weeks: gliosis + vascular proliferation
>2 weeks: glial scar
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20
Q

during what week do neural tube defects occur

A

4th

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21
Q

spina bifida occulta has what lab abnormality

A

none - AFP is not elevated

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22
Q

neural tube defects have what lab abnormalities

A

AFP and AchE are both elevated in amniotic fluid and maternal serum

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23
Q

anencephaly is the absence of what

A

forebrain (prosencephalon)

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24
Q

anencephaly is associated with what maternal condition

A

type 1 diabetes

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25
holoprosencephaly occurs during what weeks
5-6
26
what genes may be implicated in holoprosencephaly?
sonic hedgehog
27
holoprosencephaly is associated with what disorders
fetal alcohol syndrome and patau
28
chairi II presents with what other malformation
lumbosacral meningomyelocele (paralysis below the malformation)
29
syringomyelia is most common at what nerve levels
C8-T1
30
what nerve innervates hypoglossus muscle and what does it do
cn XII - depresses and retracts tongue
31
what nerve innervates styloglossus muscle and what does it do
cn XII - creates trough (sides upwards = taco)
32
what innervates genioglossus and what does it do
cn XII - protrudes tongue
33
what innervates palatoglossus and what does it do
cn X - elevates tongue to allow for swallowing
34
what part of the neuron can be stained with Nissle stain
dendrite and cell body (not axon)
35
what is the astrocyte marker histologically
GFAP
36
what do oligodendroglia resemble on histology
fried egg appearance
37
whats the predominant typeof glial cell in white matter
oligodendroglia
38
what must you rejoin in microsurgery for limb reattachment? what part of nerves?
perineurium
39
what part of nerve is the permeability barrier?
perineureus
40
how does NE affect rem
decreases REM
41
REM is due to the activity of what
PPRF (paramedian pontine reticular formation)
42
alcohol affects REM how
decreases REM
43
barbiturates affects rEM how
decreases rEM
44
Rx bedwetting
oral desmopressin (ADH analog)
45
hungtintons gene is on what chromosome
4
46
atrophy of what in huntington
caudate nucleus
47
trinucleotide repeat in huntington
CAG
48
neurotransmitter changes in huntingtons
decreased Ach and GABA | increased Dopamine
49
broca location
inferior frontal gyrus of frontal lobe
50
does broca have impaired or intact comprehension?
intact
51
does wernicke have impaired or intact comprehension?
impaired
52
damage to arcuate fasiculus causes impaired what?
repetition
53
global aphasia affects what part of your brain?
wernicke broca and arcuate fasiculus
54
what is global aphasia like
nonfluent and poor comprehension (mix of wernicke and broca)
55
poor comprehension with fluent speech and intact repetition
transcortical sensory
56
nonfluent aphasia with good comprehension and intact repitition
transcortical motor
57
nonfluent speech, poor comprehension, and intact reptition
mixed transcortical
58
kluver bucy is associated with what?
HSV-1
59
where does CN1 exit
cribriform plate
60
what nerves exit through the middle cranial fossa?
2-6
61
Where does CN 2 exit
optic canal
62
where does CN 3 exit
SOF
63
where does CN IV exit
SOF
64
where does CN V1 exit
SOF
65
Where does CN V2 exit
foramen rotundum
66
where does CN V3 exit
foramen ovale
67
where does CN VI exit
SOF
68
What exits through the foramen spinosum
middle meningeal artery
69
What bone do CN 2-6 exit through
sphenoid
70
What exits through the optic canal
CN II, Central retinal vein, opthalmic artery
71
What exits through SOF
CN III, IV, V1, VI, opthalmic vein, sympathetic fibers
72
What exits through foramen rotundum
V2
73
what exits through faramen ovale
V3
74
where does middle meningeal artery exit
foramen spinosum
75
what bones do cn 7-12 exit through
occipital and temporal
76
where does CN VII exit
internal auditory meatus
77
where does CN VIII exit
internal auditory meatus
78
where does CN IX exit
jugular foramen
79
where does CN X exit
jugular foramen
80
where does CN XI exit
jugular foramen
81
where does CN XII exit
hypoglossal canal
82
what exits through the internal auditory meatus
CN VII and CN VIII
83
what exits through jugular foramen
CN IX X XI, jugular vein
84
what exits through hypoglossal canal
CN XII
85
what exits through foramen magnum
brainstem, spinal roots of CN XI, vertebral arteries
86
CPP equation
CPP = MAP - ICP
87
central post stroke pain syndrome is due to lesions in what part of brain
thalamic lesions

Neuro (12 decks)

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