thinking Flashcards
thinking
a process that involves knowing, understanding, remembering, and communicating
concept
mental grouping of similar things
schema
the list of features of a concept
prototype
the typical or best example of the consent that demonstrates the schema
3 ways to solve problems:
algorithms, heuristics, and insight
algorithms
methodical, logical procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem
heuristics
simple thinking strategies that often allows us to make and solve problems efficiently
representative heuristics
judging the likelihood of things in terms of how well they seem to represent a prototype
availability heuristic
cognitive shortcut in which the probability of an event is determined by how easy the event can be brought to mind
insight
involves sudden novel realization of a solution to a problem
fixation
inability to see a problem from a fresh perspective
mental set
tendency for old patterns of problem solving to persist and make it impossible for us to see new ways of solving a problem
functional fixedness
tendency to think of only the familiar or typical functions for objects
confirmation bias
a tendency to search for info that confirms a personal bias
belief bias
the tendency for one preexisting beliefs to distort logical reasoning
