THINKING

Question 1

means paying attention to info, representing it mentally, reasoning about it, and making judgments and decisions abt it

Answer 1

thinking

Question 2

are mental categories used to group together objects, relations, events, abstractions, or qualities that have common properties

Answer 2

concepts

Question 2

mental activity involved in understanding, processing and, communicating information

Answer 2

cognition

Question 3

a concept of category of objects or events that serves as a good example of the category

Answer 3

prototype

Question 4

a specific example

Answer 4

exemplar

Question 4

is an important aspect of learning

Answer 4

Problem-solving

Question 5

a systematic procedure for solving a problem that works invariably when it is correctly applied

Answer 5

algorithm

Question 5

an algorithm for solving problems in which each possible solution is tested according to a particular set of rules

Answer 5

systematic random research

Question 6

Features of understanding a problem​

Answer 6

Parts relate to one another in a meaningful way​

Elements of mental representation correspond to the elements of the problem in outer world​

Storehouse of background knowledge​

Question 7

Used to organize concepts​

​

Answer 7

Hierarchies​

Question 8

rules of thumb that help us simplify and solve problems

Answer 8

heuristics

Question 9

shortcuts

Answer 9

Heuristic

Question 10

Evaluate and reduce difference between the current situation and goal​

Answer 10

Means-end analysis​

Question 11

is a partial similarity among things that are different in other ways.

Answer 11

analogy

Question 12

Tendency to use an approach that was previously successful with similar problem​

Answer 12

Mental Sets​

Question 13

Sudden perception permitting the solution​

Answer 13

Insight​

Question 14

Experts use parallel processing; novices use serial processing

Answer 14

Expertise​

Question 15

in problem solving, a process that may sometimes occur when we stand back from a frustrating problem for a while and the solution “ suddenly” appears

Answer 15

incubation

Question 16

the tendency to view an object in terms of its name or familiar usage

Answer 16

functional fixedness

Question 17

Make judgments about events according to the population of events that they appear to represent​

Answer 17

Representativeness heuristic​

Question 18

Estimate of probability is based on examples of relevant events​

Answer 18

Availability heuristic​

Question 19

-First estimate serves as an anchor​

-With new information we make adjustments but remain in the proximity of the first estimate​

Answer 19

Anchoring and adjustment heuristic​

Question 20

Context in which information is presented affects decision making​

Answer 20

Framing effect​

Question 21

Unaware of flimsiness of assumptions​

Work to bring about results that fit our judgments​

Forget information counter to our judgment​

Self-fulfilling prophecies​

Answer 21

Overconfidence​