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Psych 180 > Thinking fast and slow > Flashcards

Thinking fast and slow Flashcards

0
Q

ego depletion

A

if you have to force yourself to do something, you are more likely to fail at the next task

glucose helps

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1
Q

Flow

A

A state of concentration so deep that the person loses sense of surroundings, self, and problems

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2
Q

associatively coherent

A

things that evoke memories or emotions

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3
Q

priming

A

words that are set to bring up other words to mind

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4
Q

Lady MacBeth effect

A

The thought of committing a crime causes people to buy cleaning products more frequently than other products

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5
Q

pastness

A

when you remember something but can’t quite know why it’s possesses this quality in which it has no mental file, yet you know you have seen it before

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6
Q

mere exposure effect

A

as things become more familiar our perception of such things becomes more positive

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7
Q

framing effect

A

how information is presented effects how we interpret it, we are easily biased

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8
Q

base rate neglect

A

we usually neglect base rates

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9
Q

statistical matching

A

earliest reading age equals grade point average, this is wrong

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10
Q

mental shotgun

A

it is impossible for system one to not do more than system to commands it to do

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11
Q

substitution

A

A heuristic question used as a replacement for a targeted trickier question, we answer an easier question

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12
Q

The affect heuristic

A

people let their likes and dislikes form their opinion of the world

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13
Q

we pay more attention to content. What should we pay more attention to?

A

reliability

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14
Q

what is the issue with small samples in regards to case studies

A

they pose the same issue

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15
Q

anchoring effect

A

when people are given a number and then asked to estimate, the estimate is usually rooted in the previous number

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16
Q

vividness effect

A

we are more likely to be cautious when a bad event is easily accessible in our mind

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17
Q

availability cascade

A

A self-sustaining chain of events which may start from media reports of a relatively minor event, and lead up to a large-scale government impact and public panic

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18
Q

affect heuristic

A

we are influenced by our opinions so much that we cannot create objective pro – con list

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19
Q

representativeness

A

we make a judgment on probability based on the association system one brings up

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20
Q

statistical base rates

A

these are usually underweighted

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21
Q

causal base rates

A

treated as information about the original case

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22
Q

The halo effect

A

inclines us to match our views of all the qualities of a person to our judgment of one attribute

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23
Q

I knew it all along effect

A

our propensity to forget our past surprise at what we now know

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24
rejoinder
A sharp or witty reply
25
adversarial Collaborations
scholars who do not agree on each other's science write a collaborative paper
26
expert intuition
The intuition gained in a particular field by an expert of the such
27
intuition is nothing more and nothing less than what?
Recognition
28
"Intuitions" are?
are most often unrecognizable triggers from a past experience
29
subjective confidence why is this troublesome?
we are most confident when we cannot think of any competing scenarios troublesome as certainty can only come from attempts to disprove
30
base-rate information
prior probabilities
31
Inside view
more optimistic, less realistic
32
outside view
more realistic, less optimistic, that of statistics
33
forecasting method
how to find the base rate 1. identify reference class 2. compare statistics to your projections 3. adjust your prediction accordingly
34
sanguine
optimistic or positive
35
what gives us an illusion of control?
our neglect of the role of luck
36
anove average effect
when asked to rate your relative skill at something you find difficult you will claim that you are under qualified at this task. However if you are moderately good at a task you will claim to be well above the average
37
loss aversion ratio
people are only willing to accept a loss if the chances of gain are twice that of the loss
38
indifference curve
hyperbola all spots on the curve are equally desirable vacation vs income
39
the endowment effect
owning something appears to increase its value system 1 occurs when owners view their goods as carriers for future value
40
prospect theory
reference points exist loss aversion has a large effect
41
the poor think like traders, however their choices are based on what?
loss rather than gain
42
negativity dominance
a cherry will do nothing for a bowl of cockroaches, but a cockroach will ruin a bowl of cherries
43
altruistic punishment
punishing a stranger for treating another unfairly lights up pleasure centers in the brain
44
neuroeconomist
someone who combined brain science with economic theories
45
who suffers more? people who lose, or people who failed to gain?
people who lose
46
possibility effect
0-5% causes highly unlikely outcomes to be weighted heavier than they deserve
47
probability effect
95-100% outcomes that are more probable are given less weight than their probability should employ
48
the expectation effect
values are rated by their probabilities poor psychology
49
availability heuristic
experience based technique for problem solving we are usually in confirmatory mode
50
denominator neglect
if your attention is drawn to winners, you will less likely assess the losers
51
choice from experience
usually underweight risks never overweight risks
52
choice from description
probability is usually overweighted
53
narrow framing
a sequence of two simple decisions considered separately humans are narrow framers
54
broad framing
one comprehensive decision equal or superior to narrow framing in all cases
55
which is better? narrow or broad framing?
broad
56
a risk policy that aggregates decision is analagous to which view?
outside view
57
omission
to leave out something
58
commission
an instruction or order, the act of fulfilling an order or instruction
59
mental accounts
keeps things controllable and manageable for the finite mind narrow framing, system 1
60
which system does narrow framing take place in?
system 1
61
the disposition bias
people prefer to sell winners rather than losers
62
regret
that sinking feeling when you can easily imagine what you might have done instead
63
risk of regret
much higher when an active choice is involved instead of a passive choice
64
responsibility
the price of a decision is much higher if there is a responsibility involved
65
poignancy
close couson to regret if only he had stopped at his regular store
66
valubility hypothesis
things arent valuable until evaluated against alike things
67
experienced utility
how much pain or pleasure we have when we make a decision
68
decision utility
wantability nothing to do with experiences, simply rationality
69
hedonimetet
imaginary thing that measures pain
70
experiencing self
does it hurt now
71
remembering self
how much did it hurt overall
72
peak end rule
how things end is how we remember
73
amnesic
forgetful
74
u-index
time a person or population spends in an unpleasant state
75
what is the greatest predictor or happiness?
how much time we spend with loved ones
76
the focus effect
nothing in life is as important as it seems when you are thinking about it
77
miswanting
we believe that a change in circumstances will significantly improve our sense of well being

Psych 180 (5 decks)

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