thinking intelligence and language Flashcards
(50 cards)
what is cognition
how information is processed and manipulated in remembering thinking and knowing
cognitive psychology is
a relatively young field just over a half a century long
what does artificial intelligence focus on
creating machines capable of performing activities that require intelliegnce when they are done by people.
artificial intelligence can be used for
speed persistence and a vast memory
cognitive robots
field of study that seeks to endow a robot with intelligent behavior so it can function in the world much like humans do.
in the 1950’s the cognitive revolution was in full swing the term cognitive psychology became
a label for approaches that sought to explain obseravle behavior by investgating mental processes and structures that could not be directly observed
cognitive revolution
exploring thinking, problem solving and decision making
thinking involves
manipulating information mentally by forming concepts, solving problems, making decisions and reflecting oin a creative manor
what are concepts
mental catagories that are used to group objects events and characteristics
1st concept
allows us to generalize
2nd concept
allows us to accosiate experience
3rd concept
sid memory making it more efficient so that we do not have to reinvent the wheel each time we come across a piece of information
4th concept
provide clues about how to react to a particular object or experience
prototype model
emphasizes that when people evaluate whether a given item reflects a certain concept they compare the item with the most typical item in that category and look for family resemble with that proper ties
what is problem solving
the mental process finding an appropriate way to attain a goal when the goal is not readily available.
1st step in problem solving
find and frame problems. recognizing the problem .
deductive reasoning
general case that we know to be true to a specific instance,
decision making
mentally activity evaluating alternatives and choosing among them
the automatic system involves
processing that is rapid heuristic and intitutive . gut feeling
confirmation bias
tendacy to search for and use inofrmation that supports our ideas rather that refutes them
hindsight bias
tendacy to false report after the fact that we accurately predicted an outcome.
base rate neglect
tendacy to ignore information about general principles in favor of very specific but vivid information
availibility heuristic
a prediction about the probability of an event based on the ease of recalling or imaging similar events
representativeness heuristic
tendency to make judgements about membership based on physical appearances or the match between a person and ones stereotype of a group rather than on available base rate information
