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Lifespan Development > Third Test > Flashcards

Third Test Flashcards

(104 cards)

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1
Q

Self-understanding

A

Childs representation of self (distinguishes self physical and material)

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2
Q

Self descriptions

A

Describes self in physical activities

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3
Q

Understanding others

A

4-5 use psychological traits to define others

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4
Q

Perspective taking

A

Cognitive process of assuming the perspective of others

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5
Q

Expressing emotions

A

Influenced by parents responses to behavior

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6
Q

Understanding emotions

A

2-4 words used to describe emotions / 4- 5 ability to reflect on emotions

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7
Q

Emotion coaching parents

A

Monster emotions, negative emotions opportunities for teaching, labeling emotions, Coach on how to deal with (scaffolding and praise)

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8
Q

Emotion dismissing parent

A

Deny, ignore, or change negative emotions

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9
Q

Moral development

A

Development regarding rules and conventions when interacting with others

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10
Q

Freud psychoanalytic theory

A

Moral element develops from superego (kids :identify with parents to internalize right and wrong)

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11
Q

Superego

A
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12
Q

Empathy

A

Responding to another’s feelings with an emotion that echos the others feelings ( requires perspective taking)

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13
Q

Heteronomous morality

A

Kids 4 -7 think of rules as unchangeable and part of the world

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14
Q

Autonomous morality

A

Kids 10 and older become aware that rules and laws are created and they consider the consequences and intentions

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15
Q

Immanent Justice

A

If a rule is broken punishment should be given immediately

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16
Q

Conscience

A

Internal regulation of right and wrong that involves moral thought, feeling, and behavior

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17
Q

Gender identity

A

Sense of own gender including knowledge, understanding, and acceptance

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18
Q

Gender typing

A

Learning traditional gender roles

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19
Q

Estrogens

A

Influence development of female sex characteristics

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20
Q

Androgens

A

Influence development of male sex characteristics

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21
Q

Evolutionary psychology

A

Male: short-term mating, female: long-term mating

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22
Q

Social role theory

A

Gender differences result from contrasting gender roles

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23
Q

Psycho analytic theory of gender

A

From frauds psychosexual stages of development

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24
Q

Freud’S psychosexual stages of development

A

Oral: birth-1 year, anal 1-3 years, phallic 3-6 ( genital exploration, latency 6-puberty ( friendship, hobbies ) genital puberty- adultoad mature relationships

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25
Social cognitive theory of gender
Gender development happens through imitation of gender behavior and rewards and punishments for gender behaviors
26
Gender schema theory
Gender typing emerges as kids develop gender schemas of what's appropriate
27
Authoritarian
Demanding but not responsive (because I said so)
28
Authoritative
High controls high warmth(why I do you think this rule)
29
Indulgent
Low control, high warmth (I want to be kids friend)
30
Neglectful
Low control, low warmth
31
Corral punishment causes?
High levels of compliance, aggression, low moral internalization, low mental health
32
Coparenting
Parents provide one another support when raising a child
33
Types of abuse?
Physical, neglect, sexual, emotional (combination)
34
Child maltreatment causes?
Poor emotion regulation, attachment issues,peer relation problems
35
Sibling conflict
Parents intervene, parents admonish or threaten, parents do nothing
36
Low income parents
Kids conform to societal expectations, physical punishments, more directive
37
High income parents
Concerned with kids initiation, rules discussed, less likely to use physical punishment, less directive
38
Freud and erikson functions of play
Helps child master anxiety and conflict
39
Piaget and vygotsky functions of play
Cognitive development
40
Sensorimotor play
Behavior by infants to get pleasure from using their senses
41
Practice play
Repetition of behavior when new skills are being learned
42
Pretense/symbolic play
Child transforms aspects of physical environment into symbols
43
Constructive play
Kids engage in the self-regulated creation of a product or solution
44
Games
Activities that are engaged for pleasure that have rules
45
TV's effect on development
Can have a negative impact making kids passive learners, distracting, unrealistic world views, aggression, sleep problems
46
Concrete operational thought
Kids ages 7-11 can reason logically about specific examples and focus on several characteristics
47
Seriation
Ability to order stimuli (lining things up in order)
48
Transitivity
Ability to logically combine relations to understand conclusions
49
Long-term memory
Relatively permanent and unlimited type of memory
50
Short - term memory
Passive storage
51
Working memory
Workbench: people manipulate and assemble info when they make decisions, problem solve, comprehend language
52
Central executive
Supervises and controls the flow of info (planning and decision making)
53
What is working memory linked to?
Growth in literacy and number skills, foreign language comprehension
54
Strategies (control processes)
Deliberate mental processes designed to improve the processing of info
55
Critical thinking
Thinking reflectively and productively
56
Mindfulness
Being alert, mentally present, and cognitive flexibility
57
Creative thinking
Ability to think in unusual and unique ways
58
Convergent thinking
Produces 1 correct answer
59
Divergent thinking
Produces many different answers
60
Meta cognition
Knowing about knowing
61
Intelligence
Problem solving skills and ability to learn and adapt from experiences
62
Mental age
An individuals level of mental development
63
Chronological age
Age in years
64
Intelligence quotient
Mental age / chronological age X 100
65
Normal distribution
Symmetrical distribution with scores falling in the middle range
66
Sternberg’s triarchic theory
Analytical: break problems down, practical: uses info for success, creative: deals with novel problems in new ways
67
Heritability
Fraction of variance in a population attributed to genetics
68
Cultural bias
Tendency of tests to reflect the culture of person who designed it
69
Mental retardation
A condition of a limited mental ability that has difficulty adapting to life
70
Organic retardation
Involved physical causes like genetic disorder or brain damage
71
Cultural-familial retardation
No evidence of brain damage but low IQ
72
Metalinguistic awareness
Knowledge about language
73
Whole-language approach
Reading instruction should parallel children's natural language learning
74
Phonics approach
Emphasizes that reading instruction should teach basic rules for translating written symbols into words
75
Intrinsic motivation
Internal factors: determination, curiosity, effort
76
Extrinsic motivation
External incentives: rewards, punishments
77
Mastery motivation
Focus on tasks, learning strategies, and the achievement process
78
Helpless orientation
In which one seems trapped by the experience of difficulty and attributes one's difficulty to a lack of ability
79
Performance orientation
Which one focuses on achievement outcomes
80
Mindset
Cognitive view, fixed or growth, that develop for themselves
81
Self-efficacy
Belief that one can master a situation And produce favorable outcomes
82
Child to adult: biological
Growth spirt, hormonal changes, sexual maturation
83
Child to adult: cognitive
Increases in abstract, idealistic, and logical thinking
84
Child to adult: socioemotional
Independence, conflict with parents, desire to spend more time with peers
85
Emerging adulthood
18-25 years, experimentation and exploration
86
Arnett'S 5 features of emerging adulthood
Exporing identity,experiencing instability, being self focused,feeling in-between, age of possibilities
87
Puberty
Period of rapid physical maturation involving hormonal and bodily changes that occur primarily in early adolescence
88
Menarche
A girls first menstrual period
89
Hormones
Chemical substances secreted by the endocrine glands and carried through the body by the bloodstream
90
Hypothalamus
A structure in the brain that monitors eating and sex
91
Pituitary gland
Endocrine gland that controls growth and regulates other glands
92
Gonads
Sex glans (male: testes, female: ovaries)
93
Gonadotropins
Hormones that stimulate the testes or ovaries
94
Testosterone
Hormone associated in boys with the development of genitals, height, change in voice
95
Estradiol
Hormone associated with girls with breast, uterine, and skeletal development
96
Berkeley longitudinal study
Early maturing boys perceived themselves more positively, late maturing boys eventually had a stronger sense of identity Early maturing girls had more body satisfaction, but later maturing girls are more satisfied later on Early nutrition increases girls' vulnerability to many problems
97
Corpus Callosum
Location where fibers connect the brains left and right hemispheres
98
Amygdala
The seat of emotions
99
Melatonin
A sleep-inducing hormone that is produced in pineal gland
100
Causes of death in adolescent
Accidents, homicides , suicides
101
Anorexia nervosa
Eating disorder that involves the relentless pursuit of thinness
102
Bulimia nervosa
Eating disorder in which the individual consistently follows binge-and- purge eating pattern
103
Stages of death/dying (kubler- Ross)
Denial, anger, bargaining, depression,acceptance
104
Grief
Emotional numbness, disbelief, sadness, loneliness

Lifespan Development (2 decks)

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