third year chemistry

Question 1

atomic number

Answer 1

number of protons

Question 2

mass number

Answer 2

number of protons and neutrons

Question 3

isotopes

Answer 3

atoms that have the same atomic number but different mass number

Question 4

cations

Answer 4

positive ions

Question 5

anions

Answer 5

negative ions

Question 6

definition of iconic bonding

Answer 6

electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions

Question 7

what do ionic bonds form

Answer 7

giant ionic lattices

Question 8

properties of ionic bonds

Answer 8

• solid at room temp
• have a high melting point
• cannot conduct when solid as electrons cannot move
• ionic liquids can conduct

Question 9

acid + carbonate —->

Answer 9

acid + carbonate —–> salt + water + carbon dioxide

Question 10

metal carbonates —–>

Answer 10

metal carbonate —–> metal oxide + carbon dioxide

Question 11

acid + base —–>

Answer 11

acid + base ——> salt + water

Question 12

what do bases do with hydrogen

Answer 12

bases accept H+

Question 13

examples of bases

Answer 13

• metal oxides

- metal hydroxide insoluble

Question 14

acid + metal —–>

Answer 14

acid + metal —–> salt + hydrogen

Question 15

hydrochloric acid symbol

Answer 15

HCl

Question 16

sulphuric acid symbol

Answer 16

HSO4

Question 17

nitric acid symbol

Answer 17

NO3

Question 18

phosphoric acid symbol

Answer 18

H3PO4

Question 19

hydrochloric acid charge

Answer 19

-1

Question 20

sulphuric acid charge

Answer 20

-2

Question 21

nitric acid charge

Answer 21

-1

Question 22

phosphoric acid charge

Answer 22

-3

Question 23

salts

Answer 23

metal + non metal

Question 24

alkali

Answer 24

• contains OH or NH3 ammonium

- if it is a metal hydroxide and is soluble

Question 25

similarities between group 1 metals

Answer 25

- all have 1 electron in outer shell | - all want to lose 1 outer shell electron

Question 26

physical properties of group 1 metals

Answer 26

- soft, gets softer down the group | - melting point is low and gets lower down the group

Question 27

explain how reactivity increases going down group 1 metals

Answer 27

- going down the group ions get bigger - nucleus gets further away from outer shell electron - less attraction between nucleus and electron making it easier to use - weaker metallic bond - more reactive

Question 28

metallic bonding

Answer 28

electrostatic attraction between positive ions and a sea of delocalised electrons

Question 29

physical properties of metals

Answer 29

- ions arranged in layers and can slide over each other so very malleable - can conduct electricity, electrons can move

Question 30

alloys

Answer 30

a mixture of 2 or more different metals or carbon

Question 31

when do elements become reduced in an equation

Answer 31

- loss of oxygen or - gain of electrons

Question 32

when do elements become oxidised in an equation

Answer 32

- gain of oxygen or - loss of electrons

Question 33

what situations make iron rust

Answer 33

iron + water + oxygen

Question 34

ways to prevent rusting

Answer 34

- painting - oil galvinising

Question 35

what is electrolysis

Answer 35

a way to extract metals which are more reactive than carbon

Question 36

how does electrolysis work

Answer 36

- use electricity to break up compound ions need to be able to move and in a liquid - electrode cathode forms metal atoms - electrode anode forms non-metal atoms

Question 37

what is the reactivity list

Answer 37

K, Na, Li, Ca, Mg, Al, Zn, Fe, Pb, Cu, Ag, Au, Pt

Question 38

when do we use carbon to extract metals

Answer 38

when carbon is more reactive so it can displace the metal

Question 39

solubility rules

Answer 39

- group 1 metals - nitrate - chlorine - sulphate

Question 40

solvent

Answer 40

a liquid in which a solute is dissolved in a solution

Question 41

soluble

Answer 41

a substance that can be dissolved

Question 42

insoluble

Answer 42

a substance that cannot be dissolved

Question 43

saturated

Answer 43

a solution in which no more solute can be dissolved

Question 44

solute

Answer 44

the substance to be dissolved

Question 45

solution

Answer 45

a mixture of the solvent with a solute dissolved in it

Question 46

suspension

Answer 46

a solid present in a solution as it didnt dissolve

Question 47

test for carbon dioxide

Answer 47

bubble the gas through limewater

Question 48

test for hydrogen

Answer 48

squeaky pop | - a lit splint will be ignited when entinguished will make a squeaky pop noise

Question 49

what colour does phenolphthalein turn in acid

Answer 49

colourless

Question 50

what colour does phenolphthalein turn in neutral

Answer 50

colourless

Question 51

what colour does phenolphthalein turn in alkali

Answer 51

pink

Question 52

what colour does methyl orange turn in acid

Answer 52

red

Question 53

what colour does methyl orange turn in neutral

Answer 53

orange

Question 54

what colour does methyl orange turn in alkali

Answer 54

yellow

Question 55

what colour does universal indicator turn in acid

Answer 55

red

Question 56

what colour does universal indicator turn in neutral

Answer 56

green

Question 57

what colour does universal indicator turn in alkali

Answer 57

blue

Question 58

what colour does red litmus paper turn in acid

Answer 58

red

Question 59

what colour does red litmus paper turn in neutral

Answer 59

red

Question 60

what colour does red litmus paper turn in alkali

Answer 60

blue

Question 61

what colour does blue litmus paper turn in acid

Answer 61

red

Question 62

what colour does blue litmus paper turn in neutral

Answer 62

blue

Question 63

what colour does blue litmus paper turn in alkali

Answer 63

blue