Thoracic

Question 1

What is the main muscle of inspiration?

Answer 1

The diaphragm

Question 2

How many thoracic vertebrae are there?

Answer 2

12

Question 3

How many ribs are there? What are the false ribs? What are the floating ribs?

Answer 3

12 ribs;
8-12 are the false ribs
11-12 are the floating ribs

Question 4

What are the 3 parts of the sternum?

Answer 4

Manubrium, body, xiphoid process

Question 5

What is the most superior portion of the sternum?

Answer 5

The manubrium

Question 6

Where is the jugular notch?

Answer 6

Seen at the superior border of the manubrium

Question 7

What ribs does the manubrium articulate with?

Answer 7

The 1st and 2nd

Question 8

What ribs does the body of the sternum articulate with?

Answer 8

Ribs 3 - 7

Question 9

The body of the sternum meets the manubrium at an angle to form the ______ angle.

Answer 9

Sternal

Question 10

What is the most inferior portion of the sternum?

Answer 10

The xiphoid process

Question 11

Describe the parietal pleura.

Answer 11

Lines the thoracic wall and diaphragm

Question 12

Describe the visceral pleura.

Answer 12

Lines the outer surface of the lung and into fissures to cover individual lung lobes

Question 13

Describe the right lung and its lobes.

Answer 13

The right lung has a superior, middle, and inferior lobe. It has a horizontal fissure and an oblique fissure.

Question 14

Describe the left lung.

Answer 14

The left lung has 2 lobes, superior and inferior. It has only an oblique fissure. The medial surface has a cardiac notch and and inferior/anterior projection called lingula.

Question 15

What is the functional unit of respiration called?

Answer 15

Alveoli

Question 16

How many bronchopulmonary segments is there per lung?

Answer 16

Approximately 10. The segmental bronchi continue tp branch smaller bronchioles and then alveoli.

Question 17

What is the mediastinum?

Answer 17

The midline region of the thoracic cavity, between the right and left plural cavities

Question 18

What are the compartments of the mediastinum?

Answer 18

Superior - contains thymus gland, AO arch and SVC
Inferior Anterior - b/w heart and sternum
Inferior Middle - contains pericardial sac
Inferior Posterior - b/w heart and spine, contains descending AO and low esophagus

Question 19

The trachea runs ______ to the esophagus.

Answer 19

anterior

Question 20

How many C-shaped cartilage rings are in the trachea?

Answer 20

16-20

Question 21

Where does the trachea bifurcate?

Answer 21

Carina - T4-T5

Question 22

What are the three layers of the heart wall?

Answer 22

Epicardium, myocardium, and the endocardium

Question 23

Which part of the heart ‘receives deoxygenated blood via the superior and inferior vena cava’?

Answer 23

Right atrium

Question 24

Which part of the heart receives deoxygenated blood from right atrium and pushes it into pulmonary trunk and has papillary muscle anchor tricuspid valves to wall?

Answer 24

Right ventricle

Question 25

Which part of the heart receives oxygenated blood from lungs via the 4 pulmonary veins?

Answer 25

The left atrium

Question 26

Which part of the heart receives oxygenated blood from its atrium and pushes it into AO for systemic circulation? And its myocardium is 3x thicker than the right ventricle. And it has 2 papillary muscle anchor bicuspid valve to walls.

Answer 26

Left ventricle

Question 27

The SA node is also known as the...

Answer 27

pacemaker of the heart

Question 28

Electrical pulses start where?

Answer 28

In the SA node

Question 29

Once started in the SA node, electrical pulses then go to...

Answer 29

The AV node

Question 30

After the electrical pulse has travelled from the SA node, to the AV node, it then goes to...

Answer 30

the bundle of His

Question 31

After the electrical pulse goes from the SA node to the AV node, to the bundle of His, it then goes to...

Answer 31

The right and left bundle branches

Question 32

What do AV valves do?

Answer 32

Atrioventricular valves prevent back flow of blood to the atrium

Question 33

The right AV is a _____ valve.

Answer 33

tricuspid

Question 34

The left AV is a ______ valve.

Answer 34

bicuspid

Question 35

The semilunar valves are located:

Answer 35

where great vessels exit the ventricles to prevent backflow of bood into ventricles

Question 36

The pulmonary semilunar valve is located:

Answer 36

between the right ventricle and pulmonary trunk

Question 37

The aortic semilunar valve is located:

Answer 37

between the left ventricle and ascending AO

Question 38

What are the branches of the AO arch?

Answer 38

Brachiocephalic trunk - 1st and largest branch Left Common Carotid - 2nd branch Left Subclavian Artery - 3rd branch

Question 39

Where does the pulmonary trunk arise from?

Answer 39

The right ventricle and ascends in front of the ascending AO. Courses posteriorly to left, bifurcates into right and left pulmonary arteries

Question 40

The left pulmonary artery is shorter and smaller the right. True or false.

Answer 40

True

Question 41

The left pulmonary artery passes:

Answer 41

inferior to AO arch, anterior to descending AO

Question 42

How many pulmonary veins are there?

Answer 42

2 - come from each lung and enter the left atrium, inferior to pulmonary artery

Question 43

What is the main muscle of inspiration?

Answer 43

The diaphragm. It enlarges the thoracic cavity vertically.

Question 44

The diaphragm ________ the thoracic cavity ________.

Answer 44

enlarges, vertically